Backlground and Aims: Predicting the prognosis of rectal cancer is important in patient management to be able to apply appropriate treatment, to avoid overtreatment and to use medical resources appropriately. In this study, our aim is to investigate the factors associated with survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical, pathological, and laboratory data of 78 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who applied to Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively scanned from hospital records. Factors that may be associated with survival were evaluated with the log-rank test. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median age of 78 patients included in the study was 61. 34.6% (n: 27) of the patients were female and 65.4% (n: 51) were male. The median survival time was 62 months. Elderly patients, patients in whom radiotherapy could not be completed, patients with postoperative N2 lymph node positivity and postoperative tumor grade 3, and patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy had significantly worse overall survival (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Age, completion of radiotherapy, postoperative N2 node positivity, postoperative tumor grade, and adjuvant therapy were defined as factors affecting survival in a period like which neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy became the standard treatment, but radiotherapy could vary as long-term radiotherapy or short-term radiotherapy