THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES

Harun İsmail İNCEKARA, (İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Enver ULAŞ (İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Akademik Hassasiyetler
15 5
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 22 Sayfa Aralığı: 610 - 638 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463 İndeks Tarihi: 08-09-2023

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES

Öz:
Individuals with different sexual orientations may face various problems in society because of their sexual orientation or gender at birth. This includes individuals who classify themselves as "LGBTI+Q", i.e. "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersexual and queer". The aim of this study is to examine the impact of individuals' sexual orientation on their professional lives. In this study, which is based on the phenomenological design of qualitative research, a total of 15 participants (8 gay, 4 transsexual, 2 bisexual, 1 lesbian) were selected by snowball sampling method. In the survey, 6 personal information forms prepared by the researcher and 4 semi-structured interview questions were used. Semi-structured interview questions were interviewed with each participant for 30 minutes via video conferencing method over online (Zoom programme). The data were analysed by content and analysis methods. In order to ensure the reliability of the study, themes were identified in the process of analysing the data subjected to content analysis, and each theme was first divided into codes and then into categories and analysed within itself. The responses of 15 LGBTI+Q individuals participating in the survey regarding the effects of their sexual orientation on their professional lives were grouped under 4 themes, 21 codes and 8 categories. Each of the four themes was further divided into two different categories. According to the survey results, it was determined that sexual orientation affects career choice positively and negatively, sexual orientation can be revealed/hidden in business life, sexual orientation affects professional performance, and various problems may arise in terms of overlapping sexual orientation and career goals.
Anahtar Kelime: Sexual Orientation LGBTI+Q Career Profession

BİREYLERİN FARKLI CİNSEL YÖNELİMLERİNİN PROFESYONEL YAŞAMLARINA ETKİLERİ

Öz:
Farklı cinsel yönelimlere sahip bireyler, cinsel yönelimleri veya doğuştan gelen cinsiyetleri nedeniyle toplumda çeşitli sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Kendilerini "LGBTI+Q", yani "lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, transseksüel, interseksüel ve queer" olarak sınıflandıran bireyler bu kategoriye dahildir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bireylerin cinsel yönelimlerinin iş yaşamları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Nitel araştırmanın fenomenolojik desenine dayanan bu çalışmada, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile toplam 15 katılımcı (8 gey, 4 transseksüel, 2 biseksüel, 1 lezbiyen) seçilmiştir. Ankette araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan 6 adet kişisel bilgi formu ve 4 adet yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sorusu kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları her bir katılımcı ile 30 dakika süreyle internet üzerinden video konferans yöntemiyle (Zoom programı) görüşülmüştür. Veriler içerik ve analiz yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın güvenilirliğini sağlamak amacıyla içerik analizine tabi tutulan verilerin analizi sürecinde temalar belirlenmiş ve her bir tema önce kodlara daha sonra kategorilere ayrılarak kendi içinde analiz edilmiştir. Ankete katılan 15 LGBTİ+Q bireyin cinsel yönelimlerinin iş yaşamları üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin yanıtları 4 tema, 21 kod ve 8 kategori altında toplanmıştır. Dört temanın her biri ayrıca iki farklı kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre cinsel yönelimin kariyer seçimini olumlu ve olumsuz etkilediği, cinsel yönelimin iş hayatında açığa çıkabildiği/gizlenebildiği, cinsel yönelimin mesleki performansı etkilediği ve cinsel yönelim ile kariyer hedeflerinin örtüşmesi açısından çeşitli sorunların ortaya çıkabildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime: Cinsel Yönelim LGBTİ+Q Kariyer Meslek

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • American Psychological Association (2009, 20 March). Report of the American Psychological Association task force on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation. Retrieved on 2009, 20 March from https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/therapeutic- response.pdf.
  • Antecol, H., Jong, A., & Steinberger, M. (2008). The sexual orientation wage gap: The role of occupational sorting and human capital. Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 61, 518-543. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390806100405
  • Arayici, Ö. (2019). The effect of gender discrimination and othering practices on the gender perception of lgbti+in. [master's thesis]. Manisa Celal Bayar University.
  • Badgett, M.V., Lau, H., Sears, B. & Ho, D. (2009), Bias in the workplace: consistent evidence of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination 1998-2008, Chicago Kent Law Review, 84, 559-595.
  • Baert, S. (2018). Hiring a gay man, taking a risk?: A lab experiment on employment discrimination and risk aversion. Journal of homosexuality, 65(8), 1015-1031. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1364950
  • Başar, K. (2014). Sexual identity with different aspects: bodily sex, gender identity, gender role and sexual orientation. Journal of Society and Medicine, 29(4), 245-251
  • Biernacki, P. & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research. 10(2), 41-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124181010002.
  • Chung, Y.B., Williams, W., & Dispenza, F. (2009). Validating work discrimination and coping strategy models for sexual minorities. The Career Development Quarterly, 58, 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2009.tb00053.x
  • Colgan, F., Wright, T., Creegan, C., & Mckearney, A. (2009). Equality and diversity in public services: Moving forward on lesbian, gay and bisexual equality? Human Resource Management Journal, 19, 280- 301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2009.00098.x
  • Council of Europe (2011, 5 May). Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in Europe. Retrieved on 2011, 5 May from http://www.coe.int/t/commissioner/ Source/LGBT/LGBTStudy2011_Turkish.pdf
  • Çakır, B. (2022, 26 March) What do lesbian, gay and bisexual employees experience in job applications? Retrieved 2022, 26 March from https://m.bianet.org/bianet/toplumsal-cinsiyet/117921-escinsel-ve- biseksueller-icin-ise-basvurmak-da-dert-calismak-da
  • Durmaz, N., Topateş, H. & Topateş, A. K. (2017). Working experiences of Iranian lgbti migrants in Denizli province in terms of occupational health and safety. TMA Journal of Occupational Health and Safety, 17(64), 37-43.
  • Erdoğan, B., & Köten, E. (2014). Class dynamics of new social movements: Turkey LGBT Movement. Marmara University Journal of Political Sciences, 2(1), 93-113.
  • Esmer, Y. (2009). Radikalizm, aşırılık ve toplumsal değerler bir saha araştırmasının bulguları. İstanbul: Uğur Yayınları. 56-87.
  • GL, K. (2009, 26 April). Lgb Employees' Work Life Report. Retrieved on 2009, 26 April from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/2009sendikalarimiza- ihtiyacimiz-var.pdf.
  • GL, K. (2012, 05 May). Sexual orientation and gender identity based human rights violations monitoring report. Retrieved on 2012, 05 May from http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/resim/yayin/dl/kaos_gl_2013_cinsel_yn elim_ve_cinsiyet_kimligi_temelli_ insan_haklari_ihlalleri_izleme_raporu.pdf
  • GL, K. (2018, 02 May). Status of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and ıntersex public employees in Turkey. Retrieved on 2018, 02 May from https://kaosgldernegi.org/images/library/2018kamu-calisani-2017.pdf.
  • Göçmen, İ., & Yılmaz, V. (2017). Exploring perceived discrimination among LGBT individuals in Turkey in education, employment, and health care: Results of an online survey. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(8), 1052-1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1236598
  • Göregenli, M. & Serdengeçti, T. Ş. (2017). Türkiye’de özel sektör çalışanı lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans ve intersekslerin durumu: 2017 yılı araştırması. Ankara: Kaos GL.
  • Griffith, K.H. & Hebl, M.R. (2002), The disclosure dilemma for gay men and lesbians: 'coming out' at work, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), (1191-1199). https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1191
  • Güdül, Ö., & Çolak, Ö. (2018). The effect of mobbing on mental health in the context of sexual orientation and gender identity in the workplace. TMA Journal of Occupational Health and Safety, 17(65), 28-34.
  • Gürsu, E. & S. Elitemiz. (2012, 20 March). Being a lubunya in the 80's, Izmir: Siyah Pembe Triangle Publications. Retrieved on 2012, 20 March from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/marusbd/issue/290/1369
  • Hayat, P., & GL, K. (2013, 03 April). Sexual orientation and gender identity based human rights monitoring report. Retrieved on 2013, 03 April from https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/xmlui/handle/1/434
  • Istanbul Sözleşmesi. (2022, 03 March) Retrieved on 2022, 03 March from https://rm.coe.int/istanbul-sozlesmesi-brosuru-tr/16809e40c9.
  • Kabacaoğlu, G. (2015). Coming out process in gays and lesbians: A qualitative study [master's thesis]. Hacettepe University.
  • Kaptan, S. (1998). Scientific research methods and statistical methods. Ankara: Bilim Publications.
  • Karahan, S. (2019). Factors affecting the vocational preferences of senior high school students: The case of Kocaeli Province [master's thesis]. Sakarya University.
  • Karakaş, A. G. (2018). The effect of sexual orientation discrimination on recruitment intention: an experimental study [master's thesis]. Hacettepe University.
  • Karakaş, B. (2021, 03 March). LGBTIs in business life: 'Leave here immediately'. Retrieved on 2021, 03 March from https://www.dw.com/tr/iş-hayatında-lgbtiler-derhal-terk-edinburayı/a- 46733048
  • Karataban, E., & Balcıoğlu, İ. (2021). Analysing discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in the context of hate crimes. Aydın Journal of Human and Society, 7(2), 169-190.
  • Kirby, S. (2006). American gay and lesbian student leaders' perceptions of job discrimination, Equal Opportunities International, 25(2), 26-140. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610150610679547
  • Kuzgun, Y. (2013). Introduction to vocational guidance and counselling (2n Edition). Ankara: Nobel Publication. 45-58.
  • Kuzgun, Y. (2014). Introduction to vocational guidance and counselling. (4th. Edition). Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing. 65-89
  • Kuzgun, Y. (1985). Validity and reliability of adwards personal preference ınventory in Turkey. A.Ü. Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 17, 69-85
  • Landen, M., Wålinder, J., & Lundström, B. (1996). Prevalence, incidence and sex ratio of transsexualism. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 93(4), 221-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10638.x
  • Levine, M. P., & Leonard, R. (1984). Discrimination against lesbians in the workforce. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 9, 700- 710.
  • Lewis, G. B., & Pitts, D. W. (2011). Representation of lesbians and gay men in federal, state, and local bureaucracies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(1), 159-180. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mup030
  • Love, H. (2014). Queer. Transgender studies quarterly, 1(1-2), 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2399938
  • Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 36(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. (2nd Edition). SAGE Publications.
  • Ng, E. S., Schweitzer, L., & Lyons, S. T. (2012). Anticipated discrimination and a career choice in nonprofit: A study of early career lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered (LGBT) job seekers. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(4), 332-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X12453055
  • Okutan, N. 2010. Attitudes towards homosexuals: An evaluation in terms of sexism, stereotypes about romantic relationships and adult attachment styles [master's thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Öner, A. (2013). Discrimination experienced by white-collar lesbian and gay individuals at work and strategies of struggle: A case study from Ankara [master's thesis]. Middle East Technical University.
  • Özer, G. (2019). Sexual prejudice and stigma: Social exclusion in LGBT individuals. Ege University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology [master's thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Özgünlü, F. (2019). Discrimination in working life: A research on lgbt people [master’s thesis]. Beykent University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Business Administration Division of Business Management.
  • Özgüven, İ.E. (2001). Psychological counselling and guidance in contemporary education (3rd Edition). Ankara: PDREM Publications.
  • Pizer, J.C., Sears, B., Mallory, C. & Hunter, N.D. (2015), Evidence of persistent and pervasive workplace discrimination against LGBT people: the need for federal legislation prohibiting discrimination and providing for equal employment benefits, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, (715), 717-778.
  • Polat, T. F (2021). The role of social media usage practices in the processes of forming and expressing sexual identities of LGBTI individuals [master's thesis]. Istanbul Aydın University.
  • Powers, B. (1996). The impact of gay, lesbian, and bisexual workplace issues on productivity. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 4(4), 17-28, 79-90.
  • Sabuncuoğlu, Z. (2000). İnsan kaynakları yönetimi. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi. Schnabel, L. (2018). Sexual orientation and social attitudes. Socius, 4, https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023118769550
  • Selçuk, Z., Palancı, M., Kandemir, M., & Dündar, H. (2014). Trends of research published in education and science journal: A content analysis. Education and Science, 39(173).
  • Serin, S., G. (2021). Investigation of the change in homophobic attitudes and behaviours towards lgbti individuals depending on the socioeconomic status levels of lgbti individuals [master's thesis]. Istanbul Aydın University.
  • Smith, N. G., & Ingram, K. M. (2004). Workplace heterosexism and adjustment among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: The role of unsupportive social interactions. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.57
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tanrıverdi, V. (2020). The effect of gender, gender expression and sexual orientation knowledge on the perception of humanity [PhD thesis). Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University.
  • Tavşancıl, E. & Aslan E. (2001). Content analysis and application examples. (2nd Edition). Istanbul: Epsilon Publications Türk Dil Kurumu (2022, 03 March) http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama =gts&guid=TDK.GTS.4f1db4058efe35.90275364
  • Uzun, F. (2020). The effect of parental rejection-acceptance on personality perception according to Ekar Theory in LGBTI individuals [master's thesis]. Istanbul Aydın University.
  • Valfort, M. A. (2017). LGBTI in OECD countries: A review. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers. https://doi.org/10.1787/1815199X
  • Weichselbaumer, D. (2003). Sexual orientation discrimination in hiring. Labour economics, 10(6), 629-642.
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Planning qualitative research: research questions, sample selection, validity and reliability. Gazi Journal of Health Sciences, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2012). Paradigm shift in vocational guidance and career counselling and results for Turkey: An evaluation from the past to the future (8nd Edition). Educational Sciences in Theory and Practice. 97- 118.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5th Edition). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. 32-55.
  • Yıldırım, N. G. (2018). Experiences and social service needs of parents with lgbt children: Gökkuşağı Family Group Example [doctoral thesis]. Hacettepe University.
APA İncekara H, ULAŞ E (2023). THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. , 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
Chicago İncekara Harun İsmail,ULAŞ ENVER THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. (2023): 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
MLA İncekara Harun İsmail,ULAŞ ENVER THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. , 2023, ss.610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
AMA İncekara H,ULAŞ E THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. . 2023; 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
Vancouver İncekara H,ULAŞ E THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. . 2023; 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
IEEE İncekara H,ULAŞ E "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES." , ss.610 - 638, 2023. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
ISNAD İncekara, Harun İsmail - ULAŞ, ENVER. "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES". (2023), 610-638. https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
APA İncekara H, ULAŞ E (2023). THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 10(22), 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
Chicago İncekara Harun İsmail,ULAŞ ENVER THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. Akademik Hassasiyetler 10, no.22 (2023): 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
MLA İncekara Harun İsmail,ULAŞ ENVER THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. Akademik Hassasiyetler, vol.10, no.22, 2023, ss.610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
AMA İncekara H,ULAŞ E THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2023; 10(22): 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
Vancouver İncekara H,ULAŞ E THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2023; 10(22): 610 - 638. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
IEEE İncekara H,ULAŞ E "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES." Akademik Hassasiyetler, 10, ss.610 - 638, 2023. 10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
ISNAD İncekara, Harun İsmail - ULAŞ, ENVER. "THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL LIVES". Akademik Hassasiyetler 10/22 (2023), 610-638. https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1276463
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
24-04-2024 9:4

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları