Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Kemal CEBECİ, (Marmara Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Maliye Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Özkan ZÜLFÜOĞLU (Marmara Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Maliye Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi
11 5
Yıl: 2023 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 1895 - 1916 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177 İndeks Tarihi: 26-09-2023

Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Öz:
Pierre de Coubertin'in başkanlığında, 1894 yılında Paris’te düzenlenen kongrede, Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi’nin kurulmasının ardından, I. Olimpiyat Oyunları 1896’da 14 ülkenin katılımıyla Atina’da düzenlenmiştir. Dokuz spor dalının yer aldığı ilk olimpiyatların ardından spor dalı ve yarışma sayısı sürekli artmış, Tokyo 2020 Olimpiyatları 33 dalda 339 madalya mücadelesine sahne olmuştur. Pekin 2008 Olimpiyatları, 42 milyar ABD dolarına ulaşan harcama ile tarihin en yüksek maliyetli olimpiyatı olmuştur. Olimpiyatlar, bütçelerinin ulaştığı seviye, ekonomisi, televizyon yayınları, milyarlarca insana ulaşması, sponsorluk faaliyetleri, turizm gibi boyutları ile bir spor organizasyonu olmanın ötesinde çok önemli anlamlar ifade etmektedir. Ülkeler, organizasyona yönelik dikkat çekici boyutta harcama yapmakta ve büyük yatırımlar gerçekleştirmektedirler. Bu durum oyunların ekonomik boyutunu, sportif boyutu kadar dikkat çekici kılmaktadır. Projelerin oyunlar sonrası atıl kalma riski, olimpiyatların ekonomik yönünü tartışmaya açmaktadır. Büyük yatırım projeleri, spor merkezleri, bunların finansmanı, projelerin oyunlar sonrası aktif olarak değerlendirilememesi, olimpiyatlara ilişkin literatürde özellikle “beyaz fil sendromu” çerçevesinde değerlendirmeleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Çalışma Rio 2016, Londra 2012, Pekin 2008 ve Atina 2004 Olimpiyatları özelinde olimpiyatların ekonomik ve mali boyutunu beyaz fil sendromu çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan olimpiyatlar ekonomik, mali ve sportif veriler ışığında incelenmekte, ilgili dört olimpiyat ortaya çıkan maliyetler ve olimpiyatlardan elde edilen kazanımlar noktasında tartışılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Assessments on the Economic and Fiscal Dimensions of the Olympics in the Framework of the White Elephant Syndrome

Öz:
Under the chairmanship of Pierre de Coubertin, International Olympic Committee was established in Paris in 1894. 14 countries were represented in First Olympics in Athens 1896. After first Olympics with 9 sports branches, number of branches and competitions increased and Tokyo 2020 Olympics witnessed 339 medal struggles in 33 branches. Beijing 2008 was the highest-cost Olympics with expenditures $42 billion. Olympics started as sports organization, mean more than sports organization with budgets, economy, tv broadcasts, sponsorships, tourism. Countries organize the Olympics make significant infrastructure expenditures and investments for stadiums. This makes economic dimension of games as remarkable as sportive dimension. Risk of investment projects remaining idle after the games, opens up the costs of Olympics to discussion. Investments, stadiums, their financing, and the fact that these projects cannot be actively evaluated after the games bring about evaluations in the literature on Olympics, especially within the framework of "white elephant syndrome". Study focuses Rio 2016, London 2012, Beijing 2008, Athens 2004 Olympics, and deals with the economic and financial dimensions of Olympics within the framework of white elephant syndrome. Olympics are examined in light of economic, financial and sportive data and discussed in terms of costs and gains from Olympics.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA Cebeci K, Zülfüoğlu Ö (2023). Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. , 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
Chicago Cebeci Kemal,Zülfüoğlu Özkan Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. (2023): 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
MLA Cebeci Kemal,Zülfüoğlu Özkan Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. , 2023, ss.1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
AMA Cebeci K,Zülfüoğlu Ö Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. . 2023; 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
Vancouver Cebeci K,Zülfüoğlu Ö Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. . 2023; 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
IEEE Cebeci K,Zülfüoğlu Ö "Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler." , ss.1895 - 1916, 2023. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
ISNAD Cebeci, Kemal - Zülfüoğlu, Özkan. "Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler". (2023), 1895-1916. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
APA Cebeci K, Zülfüoğlu Ö (2023). Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 58(3), 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
Chicago Cebeci Kemal,Zülfüoğlu Özkan Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi 58, no.3 (2023): 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
MLA Cebeci Kemal,Zülfüoğlu Özkan Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, vol.58, no.3, 2023, ss.1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
AMA Cebeci K,Zülfüoğlu Ö Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 2023; 58(3): 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
Vancouver Cebeci K,Zülfüoğlu Ö Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi. 2023; 58(3): 1895 - 1916. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
IEEE Cebeci K,Zülfüoğlu Ö "Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler." Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 58, ss.1895 - 1916, 2023. 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
ISNAD Cebeci, Kemal - Zülfüoğlu, Özkan. "Beyaz Fil Sendromu Çerçevesinde Olimpiyatların Ekonomik ve Mali Boyutu Üzerine Değerlendirmeler". Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi 58/3 (2023), 1895-1916. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.23.08.2177
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