Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye

Öz:

Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye Introduction: Long COVID is a multisystem disease with various symptoms and risk factors. We aim to investigate the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and related risk factors in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, based on a survey of 1.977 COVID-19 patients hospitalized from April 2020 to January 2021, a retrospective assessment was carried out on 1.050 individuals who were reachable via telephone to determine their eligibility for meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: The data of 256 patients who reported at least one persistent symp- tom were analyzed. Long COVID prevalence was 24.3%. Among 256 patients (median age 52.8; 52.7% female; 56.63% had at least one comorbidity), dyspnea, fatigue, arthralgia-myalgia, cough, and back pain were the most common post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (42.4%; 28.29%; 16.33%; 13.15% and 7.17%, respectively). The risk factors for the persistence of dysp- nea included having lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a history of intensive care support, the requirement for long-term oxygen therapy, and a history of cytokine storm (p= 0.024, p= 0.026, p< 0.001, p= 0.036, p= 0.005, respectively). The correlation between lung involvement with post-discharge cough (p= 0.041) and dizziness (p= 0.038) was significant. No correlation between the symptoms with the severity of acute infection, age, and gender was found. When a multivariate regression analysis was conducted on the most common long COVID-related symptoms, several independent risk factors were identified. These included having lung disease for dyspnea (OR 5.81, 95% CI 1.08-31.07, p= 0.04); length of hos- pital stay for myalgia (OR 1.034, 95% CI 1.004-1.065, p= 0.024); and pulmo- nary involvement of over 50% during COVID-19 infection for cough (OR 3.793, 95% CI 1.184-12.147, p= 0.025). Conclusion: COVID-19 survivors will require significant healthcare services due to their prolonged symptoms. We hope that our findings will guide the management of these patients in clinical settings towards best practices.

Anahtar Kelime: COVID-19 post-acute COVID-19 syndrome risk factor SARS-CoV-2 infection long COVID

Hastanede yatan hastalarda akut COVID-19 sonrası sekeller için risk faktörleri: Türkiye’de üçüncü basamak bir sağlık merkezinde ankete dayalı gözlemsel bir çalışma

Öz:

Giriş: Uzamış COVID, çeşitli semptomları ve risk faktörleri olan bir çoklu sistem hastalığıdır. Bu çalışma ile üçüncü basamak bir mer- kezde COVID-19’un akut sonrası sekellerini ve ilgili risk faktörlerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metod: Bir ankete dayanan bu gözlemsel çalışmada, 2020 Nisan’dan 2021 Ocak’a kadar hastanede yatarak takip edilen 1,977 COVID-19 hastasından telefonla ulaşılabilen 1,050’si dahil etme kriterlerine uygunluk açısından geriye dönük olarak değerlen- dirildi. Taburculuk sonrası en az sekiz hafta devam eden en az bir uzamış semptom bildiren 256 hastanın verileri analiz edildi. Bulgular: Uzamış COVID prevalansı %24,3 bulundu. 256 hasta arasında (medyan yaş 52,8; %52,7 kadın; %56,63’ünde en az bir komorbidite vardı); nefes darlığı, yorgunluk, artralji-kas ağrısı, öksürük ve sırt ağrısı COVID-19’un akut sonrası en yaygın sekelleriydi (sırasıyla %42,4; %28,29; %16,33; %13,15 ve %7,17). Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı başta olmak üzere akciğer hastalığı tanısı olmak, yoğun bakım desteği öyküsü, uzun süreli oksijen tedavisi ihtiyacı ve sitokin fırtınası öyküsü olmak, nefes darlığının devam etmesi için risk faktörleriydi (sırasıyla p= 0,024, p= 0,026, p< 0,001, p= 0,036, p= 0,005). Akciğer tutulumu ile taburculuk sonrası öksürük (p= 0,041) ve baş dönmesi (p= 0,038) arasındaki ilişki anlamlıydı. Semptomlar ile akut enfeksiyonun şiddeti, yaş ve cinsiyet arasında bir ilişki bulunmadı. Uzamış COVID ile en sık ilişkili semptomlar için çok değişkenli regresyon analizi yaptığımızda, akciğer hastalığına sahip olmanın (OR 5,81, %95 GA 1,08-31,07, p= 0,04) nefes darlığı; hastanede kalış süresinin (OR 1,034, %95 GA 1,004-1,065, p= 0.024) miyalji ve COVID-19 enfeksiyonu sırasında >%50 akciğer tutulumu olmasının (OR 3,793, %95 GA 1,184- 12,147, p= 0,025) öksürük için bağımsız risk faktörleri olduğunu saptadık. Sonuç: COVID-19 geçiren hastalar uzayan semptomları nedeniyle sağlık sistemlerinde önemli yük oluşturacaklardır. Bulgularımızın bu hastaların kliniklerde yönetiminde, en iyi uygulamalara rehberlik edeceğini umuyoruz.

Anahtar Kelime: COVID-19 akut COVID-19 sonrası sekel risk faktörü SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu uzamış COVID

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Yildiz Y, ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B, TAŞDEMİR M, Demir Ş, ÇİFCİ B, Kokturk N, ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T, YURDAKUL A, Yılmaz Demirci N, AYDOĞDU M, Dizbay M, Oguzulgen I (2023). Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. , 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
Chicago	Yildiz Yesim,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN Burcu,TAŞDEMİR MERT CAN,Demir Şerife,ÇİFCİ BEYZA,Kokturk Nurdan,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI TANSU,YURDAKUL AHMET SELIM,Yılmaz Demirci Nilgün,AYDOĞDU MÜGE,Dizbay Murat,Oguzulgen I.Kivilcim Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. (2023): 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
MLA	Yildiz Yesim,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN Burcu,TAŞDEMİR MERT CAN,Demir Şerife,ÇİFCİ BEYZA,Kokturk Nurdan,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI TANSU,YURDAKUL AHMET SELIM,Yılmaz Demirci Nilgün,AYDOĞDU MÜGE,Dizbay Murat,Oguzulgen I.Kivilcim Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. , 2023, ss.261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
AMA	Yildiz Y,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B,TAŞDEMİR M,Demir Ş,ÇİFCİ B,Kokturk N,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T,YURDAKUL A,Yılmaz Demirci N,AYDOĞDU M,Dizbay M,Oguzulgen I Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. . 2023; 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
Vancouver	Yildiz Y,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B,TAŞDEMİR M,Demir Ş,ÇİFCİ B,Kokturk N,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T,YURDAKUL A,Yılmaz Demirci N,AYDOĞDU M,Dizbay M,Oguzulgen I Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. . 2023; 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
IEEE	Yildiz Y,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B,TAŞDEMİR M,Demir Ş,ÇİFCİ B,Kokturk N,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T,YURDAKUL A,Yılmaz Demirci N,AYDOĞDU M,Dizbay M,Oguzulgen I "Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye." , ss.261 - 272, 2023. 10.5578/tt.20239707
ISNAD	Yildiz, Yesim vd. "Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye". (2023), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.5578/tt.20239707

APA	Yildiz Y, ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B, TAŞDEMİR M, Demir Ş, ÇİFCİ B, Kokturk N, ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T, YURDAKUL A, Yılmaz Demirci N, AYDOĞDU M, Dizbay M, Oguzulgen I (2023). Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 71(3), 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
Chicago	Yildiz Yesim,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN Burcu,TAŞDEMİR MERT CAN,Demir Şerife,ÇİFCİ BEYZA,Kokturk Nurdan,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI TANSU,YURDAKUL AHMET SELIM,Yılmaz Demirci Nilgün,AYDOĞDU MÜGE,Dizbay Murat,Oguzulgen I.Kivilcim Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 71, no.3 (2023): 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
MLA	Yildiz Yesim,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN Burcu,TAŞDEMİR MERT CAN,Demir Şerife,ÇİFCİ BEYZA,Kokturk Nurdan,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI TANSU,YURDAKUL AHMET SELIM,Yılmaz Demirci Nilgün,AYDOĞDU MÜGE,Dizbay Murat,Oguzulgen I.Kivilcim Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, vol.71, no.3, 2023, ss.261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
AMA	Yildiz Y,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B,TAŞDEMİR M,Demir Ş,ÇİFCİ B,Kokturk N,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T,YURDAKUL A,Yılmaz Demirci N,AYDOĞDU M,Dizbay M,Oguzulgen I Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. Tüberküloz ve Toraks. 2023; 71(3): 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
Vancouver	Yildiz Y,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B,TAŞDEMİR M,Demir Ş,ÇİFCİ B,Kokturk N,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T,YURDAKUL A,Yılmaz Demirci N,AYDOĞDU M,Dizbay M,Oguzulgen I Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye. Tüberküloz ve Toraks. 2023; 71(3): 261 - 272. 10.5578/tt.20239707
IEEE	Yildiz Y,ÖZTÜRK ŞAHİN B,TAŞDEMİR M,Demir Ş,ÇİFCİ B,Kokturk N,ULUKAVAK ÇIFTÇI T,YURDAKUL A,Yılmaz Demirci N,AYDOĞDU M,Dizbay M,Oguzulgen I "Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye." Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 71, ss.261 - 272, 2023. 10.5578/tt.20239707
ISNAD	Yildiz, Yesim vd. "Risk factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: An observational study based on a survey in a tertiary care center in Türkiye". Tüberküloz ve Toraks 71/3 (2023), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.5578/tt.20239707