Accomodation and food are utmost importance of human beings to survive biologically. This is also valid for education, that means it is utmost importance of people to exist socially and to obtain a social status. Without any language, religion and ethnic discrimination, some religious organizations and institutions who are aware of this utmost importance provided education to various countries during the history. It is seen that the missionary bodies, following the challenges they encountered in the field, redefined themselves and changed both the countries they served and theirselves. Such a missionary organization that operates under the education roof is American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (shortly ABCFM or American Board). This organization carried out missionary activities in the territories of the Ottoman State since 1820’s and opened numerous schools in the Anatolia. One of the schools opened by the American Board is Kayseri Talas American College that gave education between the years of 1871 and 1967. Although various studies were conducted about Talas American College especially in the fields of history, education and architecture, there is no study exploring missionary activities and the school from a sociological perspective. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the missionary activities and the effects of Talas American College on local people sociologically in this study. Within the context of the study, American Board archive documents were used other than the papers in the corresponding literature.