Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) which is widely used in the industry has an important place in the manufacturing process. WEDM is a preferred manufacturing method, especially in terms of the production of parts that are difficult to produce with traditional manufacturing methods and low energy consumption. This focused on the effects of different cutting parameters on the surface quality of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel alloy during wire erosion processing. In addition, it is aimed to increase the surface quality without extending the production period. In this context, experimental studies were carried out in full factorial design with different cutting parameters, and then the behavior of the cutting parameters on the surface quality was investigated with variance and regression analyses. As a result, an increasing trend was observed in the surface roughness values with the increase in the feed rate and pulse on time and the decrease in the pulse off time. The lowest surface roughness value was obtained at 2 mm/min feed rate, 16 µs pulse on time, and 480 µs pulse off time parameters. As a result of statistical data analysis, it was determined that the most effective cutting parameter in terms of surface quality was the pulse time with a rate of 83.96%.