Railway transportation is widely used in freight and passenger transportation nationally and internationally. Railway transportation (RT) is a type of transportation that the private and public sectors do not give up on because it is economical and carries more products at a time. RT has an important place in the delivery of the materials required for production and in the evaluation of manufactured products at good prices at home and abroad. Therefore, while RT supports production, it revitalizes the economies of countries and increases the level of welfare. In the literature studies, the contributions of railway investments to the economy have been mainly investigated. In addition, the time period of the data used in some studies is limited or is conducted regionally. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of railway freight and passenger transportation on per capita income in Turkey in a bidirectional way. Two-way analysis was performed to see how the results changed when the dependent and independent variables were replaced. Granger Causality Analyses were performed to determine bidirectional relationships between the data. According to the results obtained from the research, there is a two-way relationship between per capita income and the amount of cargo carried. However, a unidirectional relationship was detected from per capita income to the number of passengers carried. This study is important in terms of creating more concrete recommendations for public and private sector authorities.