After the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey was established as a new political system. This brought about the reorganization and differentiation of the relations between the new political system, individual-society-state-environment. The new state wanted to create a new society and individual by building new social institutions. The new society is a society that Gökalp refers to as "I am from the Turkish nation, I am from the Islamic ummah and I am from the Western civilization". The Turkish political elite that will shape the new Turkish state in the foundation period represents the center. Over time, there have been new participations to these elites from the periphery, that is, from different social strata. The effects created by the new participations are of a quality that does not change the top-down character of the modernization model. The new Turkish state presents an economic, social and political modernization model. This model aims at economic independence and social development. It was believed that the realization of the model would be possible with a secular state understanding. Basic social institutions such as education, politics, religion, family and economy were tried to be reconstructed with a secular character. Many reforms initiated by Atatürk express the steps on the way to reveal this change. The new society will be a society that has achieved integration. The main task in the integration process belongs to realm of culture. Culture is seen as the most important element that unites different segments of society. The individuals forming the new society are also modern individuals with high self-confidence, aware of the balance of rights and duties and internalized democratic values.