The devastating effects of climate change have been felt all over the world in recent years and the problem has now turned into a global crisis. In this process, the vulnerability of the sovereign state which is the main political actor of the international system and its fundamental elements, population, and territory, is increasing. The aim of this study is to analyze the vulnerabilities created by the climate crisis in the context of state responsibility. The study argues that for an effective fight against the climate crisis, the principle of sovereignty should be expanded to include ecosystems, and responsibilities of the state towards nature in planetary level should be developed in a transnational context and based on justice in addition to its national and international responsibilities. The study examines the underlying causes of the climate crisis with a critical perspective by centering on intertwined vulnerabilities and the role of the state in this process. To address vulnerabilities and implement effective mitigation and adaptation policies, a more equitable, just, and egalitarian state is needed whose responsibilities will become binding through sanctions. The ability of sovereign states to build a new global regime that includes all life and ecosystems on the planet also requires a reconceptualization of state responsibility in national, international, and transnational contexts.