This study aims to examine the Turkish domestic and foreign policies of the Ataturk period within the framework of political psychology and to identify the psychological motivations that influenced the decision- making mechanism in this period. At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, saving the state was the main goal of the cadres who had grown and matured during the internal revolts -which began under the influence of the French Revolution and continued throughout the XIX century-, the Tripoli War, the Balkan wars/disasters, the First World War and the War of Independence. This period also bears the traces of historical, cultural, religious, political, and psychological factors that greatly motivated the cadres who enthusiastically founded the new Turkish state on 23 April 1920. Therefore, it is of crucial to understand and analyse the attitudes, behaviours, and psychology of decision-makers towards ethnic, religious, cultural, or political problems, that still arise today in both domestic and foreign policy, during the process of building the foundations of the new Turkish state. Within this context, this essay is an attempt to understand the psychology of Turkish domestic and foreign policy in the Atatürk era.