In a globalizing world, it is important to conduct comparative education studies between countries in order to be able to integrate with different countries and to exchange culture and information. Country's characterization as the heart of Asia and demonstration of power of various civilizations throughout history was effective to choose country of Afghanistan for comparison within the scope of the research. The aim of the study is to identify the similarities and differences between the Social Studies curriculum and textbooks that are valid in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as of 2018, and in our country in 2017 and revised in 2018. The research was conducted with document analysis method based on qualitative research model. 4th, 5th, 6th grades implemented in Afghanistan in the 2018-2019 academic year; The data source of the research is the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grade Social Studies curriculum and textbooks valid in 2017-2018 in Turkey. Social Studies curriculums were examined with the contents analysis method. Similarities and differences between objectives, visions, contents, educational status, measurement and evaluation status of programs are discussed comparatively. While Turkey concentrates on sociology, philosophy and interdisciplinary objectives, history and geography disciplines comes to the fore in Afghanistan within scope of the research. Although both countries have references to a national leader in their program, it was observed that their books include national anthem. there is no theology based, religion emphasis on Turkey's vision and objectives such as in Afghanistan. While there are 6 units in 9th grade, 7 in 5th grade, and 6 in 6th grade in Afghanistan, there are 7 learning domains at all levels in Turkey. It was reached the conclusion that multiple alternative assessment methods for measuring process are applied in Turkey unlike Afghanistan.