The cycle life of lead-acid batteries varies depending on various factors such as grid thickness, grid material, and plate paste chemicals. The effects of these factors on battery performance is an important research subject. In this study, the effects of the use of lead and/or caustic acid in the plate structure, grain structure, plate thickness, antimony, and calcium used in the grid structure were to be explained. This research article, where the effects of many variables are examined, aims to improve battery performance by making changes to lead acid battery components using the MOORA, a multi-criteria decision-making method. The study results showed that plates with an internal structure with a higher ratio of 4BS grains increase battery performance compared to plates with an internal structure with 3BS grain density. In addition, it has been determined that the use of Antimony (Sb) instead of Calcium (Ca) as an additive in the grid structure causes a decrease in the internal resistance of lead acid batteries and thus increases the cycle life. At the end of the study, internal structure analyses of the combination that gave the best performance values were made and compared with traditional lead acid batteries, and it was revealed that the internal resistance of the battery could be reduced with changes to the internal structure. The SEM analysis of the most improved group determined that the 3BS phase content was 53% by weight, and the size distribution of basic sulfate particles was between 0.6 μm and 2.27 μm. According to the cycle test results of the initial group and the group with the best results, an improvement of 11.3% at 105 Ah, 12.3% at 150 Ah, and 5.4% at 180 Ah was achieved.