The philosophy of Charles Taylor, one of the most influential thinkers of our time, is characterized by a profound and seminal insight into the intricate structure of modernity. Pointing out that the intellectual paradigm we live in is an enormously complex structure with a myriad of overt and covert elements, Taylor argues that the only way to have a sound understanding of modernity is to meticulously analyze all these elements -by taking their historical background into account as well. Indeed, in his masterpiece The Sources of the Self, Taylor takes a journey through the history of thought and traces the developmental process of the elements that play a role in shaping the self-perceptions and moral frameworks of modern individuals. The aim of this study is to present Taylor’s analysis of inwardness, which is laid out in The Sources of the Self and which plays a critical and central role in his philosophy as a whole. In addition, Taylor’s observations on the positive and negative aspects of modern individualism and the ethics of authenticity he advocates will be discussed in relation to his analysis of modern inwardness.