Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils
Yıl: 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 120 - 133 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 İndeks Tarihi: 25-03-2024
Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils
Öz: Reading comprehension enables each child to make meaning of the world. Therefore, it is important to develop this during the child’s primary years in school. Using ex post facto design, this study investigated the effects of reading methods on English reading comprehension of randomly selected 75 Grade 2 pupils in a private school in the Philippines. The scores of pupils who read two comparable narrative passages in oral and silent were compared. Paired t-test results revealed a significant difference between oral reading and silent reading. Silent reading had a greater positive effect on the comprehension of the pupils. Likewise, it was the most preferred reading method among the respondents. Focus group discussion with English teachers results suggested that silent reading was preferred specifically because it helps in understanding the story better, remembering words, and concentrating given its quiet and peaceful nature. It is recommended that teachers employ sustained silent reading classroom practices such as: Silent Reading Activity (SRA) Reading Laboratory, Genuine Love for Reading activities through the Four-pronged approach and Drop Everything and Read time. These methods will help to support the reading needs and preference of the generation alpha pupils and to further strengthen the positive effects of silent reading on improving their reading comprehension.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Akhavan, N. (2014). The nonfiction now lesson bank, Grades 4-8: Strategies and routines for higher-level comprehension in the content areas. Corwin Press.
- Ali, H. (2012). The use of silent reading in improving students’ reading comprehension and their achievement in TOEFL score at a private English course. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 1(1), 47-52.
- Alkaaf, F., & Al-Bulushi, A. (2017). Tell and write, the effect of storytelling strategy for developing story writing skills among grade seven learners. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 7(2), 119-141. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2017.72010
- Al-Mansour, N. S. (2011). The effect of teacher’s storytelling aloud on the reading comprehension of Saudi elementary stage students. Journal of King Saud University-Languages and Translation, 23(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksult.2011.04.001
- Al-Mekhlafi, A. M., & Nagaratnam, R. P. (2011). Difficulties in teaching and learning grammar in an EFL context. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2), 69-92.
- Antilla, J. A. (2013). The effects of early literacy development on academic success in the educational setting and implications for educational leaders and teachers [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Northern Michigan University.
- Ascencio, A. (2018). Improving reading level and motivation through sustained-silent reading at the middle school level [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. California State University.
- Ayscue, J., Frankenberg, E., & Siegel-Hawley, G. (2017). The complementary benefits of racial and socioeconomic diversity in schools. Research Brief No. 10. National Coalition on School Diversity.
- Bacus, R. C., Dayagbil, F. T., & Abao, E. D. (2015). Sustained silent reading: Pleasure to treasure. Asia Pacific Higher Education Research Journal, 2 (2), 1-10.
- Barth, A. E., Vaughn, S., Capin, P., Cho, E., Stillman-Spisak, S., Martinez, L., & Kincaid, H. (2016). Effects of a text-processing comprehension intervention on struggling middle school readers. Topics in Language Disorders, 36(4), 368-389.
- Batini, F., Bartolucci, M., & Timpone, A. (2018). The effects of reading aloud in the primary school. Psychology and Education, 55(1-2), 111-122.
- Bautista, J. (2023). PISA shows PH students ‘5 to 6 years’ behind. Philippine daily inquirer. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1871900/pisa- shows-ph-students-5-to-6-years-behind
- Bećirović, S., Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Dubravac, V. (2018). The effect of nationality, gender, and GPA on the use of reading strategies among EFL university students. Sage Open, 8(4), 2158244018809286. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018809286
- Billah, M. (2015). Significance of silent reading. http://www.theindependentbd.com/magazine/details/8098/Significance-of-Silent- Reading
- Bouchamma, Y., Poulin, V., Basque, M., & Ruel, C. (2013). Impact of students’ reading preferences on reading achievement. Creative Education, 4 (8), 484-491.
- Breckenridge, C. (2021). Out with the old, in with the new: The rise of Gen Z. Marriott Student Review, 4(2), 14-18.
- Brown, A. L. (2017). Metacognitive development and reading. In R. J Spiro, B. C. Bruce, & W. F. Brewer, (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading comprehension: Perspectives from cognitive psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence and education (Vol. 11) (pp. 453-482). Routledge.
- Brown, C. S. (2014). Language and literacy development in the early years: Foundational skills that support emergent readers. Language and Literacy Spectrum, 24, 35-49.
- Carter, C. (2016). The complete guide to generation alpha, the children of millennials. Washington: Forbes, 1-3.
- Cho, K. S. (2017). Five Sessions of SSR: The impact of a short pleasure reading experience on reading attitude. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 12(1), 2-8.
- Department of Education (DepEd) (2019). PISA 2018 national report of the Philippines. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/2019/12/PISA-2018-Philippine-National-Report.pdf
- Fraumeni-McBride, J. P. (2017). The effects of choice on reading engagement and comprehension for second-and third-grade students: An action research report. Journal of Montessori Research, 3 (2), 19-38.
- Garner, P., Kauffman, J., & Elliot, J. (Eds.). (2013). The Sage handbook of emotional and behavioral difficulties. Sage.
- Goodman, K., Fries, P. H., & Strauss, S. L. (2016). Reading-The grand illusion: How and why people make sense of print. Routledge.
- Gray, H. L. (2012). The effects of sustained silent reading on reading achievement and reading attitudes of fourth grade students [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- Guieb, M.D.S., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R.A. (2017). Viewing Teaching Techniques in Enhancing Viewing Comprehension Skills of Undergraduate Students in Literature. International Journal of Languages, Education and Teaching, 5(2), 271-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.18298/ijlet.1762
- Guzman, M. P. (2013). Reading in the digital age: AdZu grade school students’ attitudes toward reading and the reading programs. Periodipost, 2, 1-3.
- Jacobs, G. (2016). Dialogic reading aloud to support extensive reading. Extensive Reading in Japan, 9, 10-12. Jha, A. K. (2020). Understanding generation alpha. https://osf.io/d2e8g/download
- Kendeou, P., Van Den Broek, P., Helder, A., & Karlsson, J. (2014). A cognitive view of reading comprehension: Implications for reading difficulties. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 29(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ldrp.12025
- Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., & Boardman, A. (2015). Teaching reading comprehension to students with learning difficulties. Guilford Publications.
- Krashen, S., & Mason, B. (2017). Sustained silent reading in foreign language education: An update. Turkish Online Journal of English Language Teaching, 2(2), 70-73.
- Leahy, M. A., & Fitzpatrick, N. M. (2017). Early readers and academic success. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 7(2), 87-95.
- Lee, S., & Schallert, D. L. (2016). Becoming a teacher: Coordinating past, present, and future selves with perspectival understandings about teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 56, 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.02.004
- Leslie, L., & Caldwell, J. S. (2006). Qualitative reading inventory-4(4th ed). Pearson.
- Lopez, M.K.R.R., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R.A. (2022). Gallery Walk technique in enhancing reading comprehension and oral English language proficiency of junior high school students. Waikato Journal of Education, 27(3), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v27i3.813
- McCrindle, M. (2016). Gen Z and Gen Alpha infographic update. https://mccrindle.com.au/insights/blogarchive/gen-z-and-gen-alpha- infographic-update
- Miller, D. (2023). Reading with meaning: Teaching comprehension in the primary grades. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032682242
- Moats, L. C. (2001). When older students can't read. Educational Leadership, 58 (6), 36-41.
- Mol, S. E., & Bus, A. G. (2011). To read or not to read: a meta-analysis of print exposure from infancy to early adulthood. Psychological Bulletin, 137(2), 267-296. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021890
- Nabor, L.G., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R.A. (2022). Project 555: A silent reading intervention towards an improved reading comprehension in English. Journal of English Education, 7 (2), 36-50.
- Nagy, Á., & Kölcsey, A. (2017). Generation Alpha: Marketing or science. Acta Technologica Dubnicae, 7(1), 107-115.
- Nation, K. (2019). Children’s reading difficulties, language, and reflections on the simple view of reading. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 24(1), 47-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2019.1609272
- Ninsuwan, P. (2015). The effectiveness of teaching English by using reading aloud technique towards EFL beginners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 1835-1840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.243
- Nobles, L.M.A.G., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R.A. (2020). Making connections: A metacognitive teaching strategy in enhancing students’ reading comprehension. Journal of English Education, 5(1), 49-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/jee.v5i1.1209
- Noland, K. (2014). Effects of sustained silent reading on comprehension [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. Northwest Missouri State University.
- Nuha, A. (2019). The use of sustained silent reading (SSR) method to improve the students’ reading comprehension in first-grade students of SMK PGRI 2 Salatiga in the academic year 2018/2019 [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga.
- Nurhalimah, R. (2018). The effect of the four major temperament types and the preference of the genres of literature toward the achievement of reading as a foreign language [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
- Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. A. (2020). Philosophical perspectives of educators in teaching higher education. i-manager’s Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 1-8.
- Palasan, A. S. (2018). Improving pupils’ genuine love for reading and critical thinking using the strategies of the four-pronged approach. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 6(5), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss5.1032
- Safitri, B. F. (2020). Identifying English language education department students’ reading preferences for comprehension skill [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
- Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of research design. Sage.
- Sanford, K. L. (2015). Factors affecting the reading comprehension of secondary students with disabilities [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. University of San Francisco.
- Schimmel, N., & Ness, M. (2017). The effects of oral and silent reading on reading comprehension. Reading Psychology, 38(4), 390-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2016.1278416
- Serravallo, J. (2017). Dropping everything to read? How about picking some things up!. Voices from the Middle, 24(4), 24-27.
- Spear Swerling, L. (2016). Common types of reading problems and how to help children who have them. The Reading Teacher, 69(5), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1410
- Stone, G. P. (2013). An evaluation of sustained silent reading activities in foothill schools [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. California State University Stanislaus.
- Suk, N. (2017). The effects of extensive reading on reading comprehension, reading rate, and vocabulary acquisition. Reading Research Quarterly, 52(1), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.152
- Syahfutra, W. (2017). Improving students’ reading comprehension by using SQ3R method. Journal of English and Arabic Language Teaching, 8(2), 133-140.
- Taylor, L., & Hattingh, S. (2019). Reading in minecraft: A generation alpha case study. TEACH Journal of Christian Education, 13(1), 29- 36. https://doi.org/10.55254/1835-1492.1388
- Tovani, C. (2023). Do I really have to teach reading?: Content comprehension, grades 6-12. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032681030
- Trainin, G., Hiebert, E. H., & Wilson, K. M. (2015). A comparison of reading rates, comprehension, and stamina in oral and silent reading of fourth-grade students. Reading Psychology, 36(7), 595-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2014.966183
- Wright, T. S. (2019). Reading to learn from the start: The power of interactive read-alouds. American Educator, 42 (4), 4-9.
- Ziatdinov, R., & Cilliers, J. (2022). Generation Alpha: Understanding the next cohort of university students. arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.01422. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2202.01422
- Zorella, N. (2017). Increasing the students’ reading comprehension through choral reading strategy at seventh grader of private islamic junior high school jami’al kautsar tapung hilir [Unpublished doctorate thesis]. Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara.
| APA | Mendoza K, Ortega-Dela Cruz R (2024). Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. , 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| Chicago | Mendoza Karen Mariel,Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. (2024): 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| MLA | Mendoza Karen Mariel,Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. , 2024, ss.120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| AMA | Mendoza K,Ortega-Dela Cruz R Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. . 2024; 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| Vancouver | Mendoza K,Ortega-Dela Cruz R Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. . 2024; 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| IEEE | Mendoza K,Ortega-Dela Cruz R "Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils." , ss.120 - 133, 2024. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| ISNAD | Mendoza, Karen Mariel - Ortega-Dela Cruz, Ruth. "Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils". (2024), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| APA | Mendoza K, Ortega-Dela Cruz R (2024). Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. Journal of childhood, education & society (Online), 5(1), 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| Chicago | Mendoza Karen Mariel,Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. Journal of childhood, education & society (Online) 5, no.1 (2024): 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| MLA | Mendoza Karen Mariel,Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. Journal of childhood, education & society (Online), vol.5, no.1, 2024, ss.120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| AMA | Mendoza K,Ortega-Dela Cruz R Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. Journal of childhood, education & society (Online). 2024; 5(1): 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| Vancouver | Mendoza K,Ortega-Dela Cruz R Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils. Journal of childhood, education & society (Online). 2024; 5(1): 120 - 133. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| IEEE | Mendoza K,Ortega-Dela Cruz R "Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils." Journal of childhood, education & society (Online), 5, ss.120 - 133, 2024. 10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
| ISNAD | Mendoza, Karen Mariel - Ortega-Dela Cruz, Ruth. "Silent and oral reading methods on improving English reading comprehension among generation alpha pupils". Journal of childhood, education & society (Online) 5/1 (2024), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202451306 |
