Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma

Selma KALYONCU, (Gazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)
M. Mithat ÜNER (Gazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)
Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
18 1
Yıl: 2010 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 42 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma

Öz:
Kurulur kurulmaz veya kurulduktan kısa bir süre sonra yurtdışı pazarlarda faaliyette bulunmaya başlayan “Küresel Doğan İşletmeler”, geleneksel uluslararasılaşma modellerinin öngördüğü aşamalı uluslararasılaşmadan oldukça farklı, yeni bir işletme türü olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, sınırlı imkânlara sahip olmasına karşın hızlı bir şekilde yurtdışı pazarlarda yer alan küresel doğan işletmelerin bunu nasıl sağladığı ve geleneksel işletmelerden nasıl farklılaştığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, geleneksel uluslararasılaşma teorilerinden yola çıkılarak küresel doğan işletmelerin özellikleri ortaya konulmuş ve yurtdışı pazarlara açılma sürecinde küresel doğan işletmeleri etkileyen düzeylerden biri olan kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın ana kütlesi, yurtdışı pazarlara iş yapan altı sektördeki (su ürünleri, kesme çiçek, organik gıda, yazılım,medikal optik alet ve cihazlar ile deri ve deri ürünleri) küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmeler (KOBİ’ler) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kurucu/üst düzey yöneticilerden toplanan 158 adet nihai geçerli anket ile çeşitli analizler yapılmış ve araştırmanın bulguları elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özelliklerine ilişkin faktörler ve bunların alt faktörleri açısından küresel doğan işletmelerin ve geleneksel işletmelerin farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Küresel doğan işletmelerin uluslararasılaşma süreçlerinin (yurtdışı pazarlara erken açılma kararlarının), geleneksel işletmelerinkinden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici düzeyindeki faktörlerin ve alt faktörlerinin bir kısmı açısından benzerlik, bir kısmı açısından da farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İşletme Uluslararası İlişkiler

The born global firm concept and a comparative study on the characteristics of founders/top managers that affect firms as born global

Öz:
“Born Global Firms” that commence their activities in the overseas markets from inception or soon after their inception, appear to be a far more different new form of enterprise than the progressive internationalization that the traditional internationalization models envisaged. This study, within the limited opportunities available, tries to ascertain how these born global firms, having a place in the overseas markets rapidly, came about and how they are different from traditional enterprises. In this context, to start from the traditional internationalization theories, the characteristics of the born global firms are expressed and firms are analyzed from the point of founder/top manager level as one of the effective levels in the development process in opening to overseas markets. The universe of the research is specified as the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the six sectors working in overseas markets (fish and fish products, cut flower, organic foods, software, medical equipment and supplies and leather wear). Eventually 158 surveys were collected from the founders/top managers and were analyzed using various statistical methods. As a result of the research, the similarities and differences of the factors and related sub-factors of the born global firms in the founder/top manager level from the traditional internationalization enterprises developing in overseas markets were identified. It was found that the internationalization development process of the born global firms have some similarities to some extent as well as differences from the traditional ones in terms of the factors and sub-factors of the founder/top manager level.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İşletme Uluslararası İlişkiler
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • ANDERSEN, Otto (1993), “On The Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis”, Journal of International Business Studies, Second Quarter, pp. 209-231.
  • ANDERSSON, Svante (2000), “The Internationalization of the Firm from an Entrepreneurial Perspective”, International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 30, No. 1, Spring, pp. 63-92.
  • ANDERSSON, Svante and WICTOR, Ingemar (2001), “Innovative International Strategies in New Firms-Born Globals the Swedish Case”, 4th McGill Conference, September.
  • ANDERSSON, Svante and WICTOR, Ingemar (2003), “Innovative Internationalisation in New Firms: Born Globals-The Swedish Case”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 249-276.
  • ANDERSSON, Svante and EVANGELISTA, Felicitas (2006), “The Entrepreneur in the Born Global Firm in Australia and Sweden”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 642-659.
  • ASPELUND, Arild and MOEN, Ǿystein (2001), “A Generation Perspective on Small Firm Internationalization: From Traditional Exporters and Flexible Specialists to Born Globals”, Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 11, pp. 197-225.
  • AUTIO, Erkko and SAPIENZA, Harry (2000), “Comparing Process and Born Global Perspectives in the International Growth of Technology-Based New Firms”, Helsinki University of Technology Working Paper Series.
  • AUTIO, Erkko, LUMMAA, Heikki and ARENIUS, Pia (2002), “Emergent Born Globals: Crafting Early and Rapid Internationalization Strategies in Technology-Based New Firms”, 22nd Annual International Conference of the Strategic Management Society.
  • BELL, Jim and McNAUGHTON, Rod (2000), “Born Global Firms: A Challenge to Public Policy in Support of Internationalization”, American Marketing Association Conference, Marketing in a Global Economy Proceedings.
  • BELL, Jim, McNAUGHTON, Rod and YOUNG, Stephen (2001), “Born-Again Global Firms: An Extension to the Born Global Phenomenon”, Journal of International Management, Vol. 7, pp. 173-189.
  • BELL, Jım, McNAUGHTON, Rod, YOUNG, Stephen and CRICK, Dave (2003), “Towards an Integrative Model of Small Firm Internationalisation”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 339-362.
  • BILKEY, Warren J. and TESAR, George (1977), “The Export Behaviour of Smaller-Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms”, Journal of International Business Studies, 8, Spring, pp. 93-98.
  • BILKEY, Warren J. (1978), “An Attempted Integration of the Literature on the Export Behavior of Firms”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 33-46.
  • BINGMAN, Peter and CEDERÄNG, Jesper (2008), Born Globals-Underlying Factors to Rapid Internationalization, Uppsala Üniversitesi, Lisans Bitirme Tezi, İsveç.
  • BLOMSTERMO, Anders and SHARMA, D. Deo (2002), “Born Globals-A Study of Learning in Networks”, 28th European International Business Academy (EIBA) Conference.
  • BLOODGOOD, James M., SAPIENZA, Harry J. and ALMEIDA, James G. (1996), “The Internationalization of New High-Potential U.S. Ventures: Antecedents and Outcomes”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 61- 76.
  • BURGEL, Oliver and MURRAY, Gordon C. (2000), “The International Market Entry Choices of Start-up Companies in High-Technology Industries”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 33-62.
  • CHETTY, Sylvie and CAMPBELL-HUNT, Colin (2004), “A Strategic Approach to Internationalization: A Traditional Versus a Born-Global Approach”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 57-81.
  • COCHRAN, William G. (1962), Sampling Techniques, Second Edition, New York et al., John Wiley Sons Inc.
  • COVIELLO, Nicole E. (2006), “The Network Dynamics of International New Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 713-731.
  • CZINKOTA, Michael R. (1982), Export Development Strategies: US Promotion Policy, Praeger Publishers, New York.
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer, BILKEY, Warren J. and TESAR, George (1979), “A Note on the Export Behavior of Firms: Exporter Profiles”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, Spring-Summer, pp. 91-97.
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (1980), “On The Internationalisation Process of Firms”, European Research, Vol. 8, No. 6, November, pp. 273-281.
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (1994), “A Quiet Revolution in Australian Exporters”, Marketing News, Vol. 28, No. 11, May 23, pp. 18. (a)
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (1994), “Born Globals: A Quiet Revolution Among Australian Exporters”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 4-6. (b)
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer, KNIGHT, Gary A. and RIESENBERGER, John R. (2008), International Business - Strategy, Management, and The New Realities, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer and KNIGHT, Gary A. (2009), Born Global Firms: A New International Enterprise, New York, Business Expert Press.
  • ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer, KNIGHT, Gary A. ve ÜNER, M. Mithat (2011), Türkiye’de Küresel Doğan İşletmeler, Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
  • DIMITRATOS, Pavlos, JOHNSON, Jeffrey, SLOW, Jonathan and YOUNG, Stephen (2003), “Micromultinationals: New Types of Firms for the Global Competitive Landscape”, European Management Journal, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 164-174.
  • DOW, Douglas (2005), “Do Born Global Firms Represent a Truly Distinct Type of Organisation?”, Academy of International Business (AIB) Conference.
  • EVANGELISTA, Felicitas (2005), “Qualitative Insights into the International New Venture Creation Process”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, pp. 179-198.
  • FILLIS, Ian (2001), “Small Firm Internationalisation: An Investigative Survey and Future Research Directions”, Management Decision, Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 767- 783.
  • FREEMAN, Susan, EDWARDS, Ron and SCHRODER, Bill (2006), “How Smaller Born-Global Firms Use Networks and Alliances to Overcome Constraints to Rapid Internationalization”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 33-63.
  • FREEMAN, Susan and ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (2007), “Toward a Typology of Commitment States Among Managers of Born-Global Firms: A Study of Accelerated Internationalization”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 1-40.
  • GABRIELSSON, Mika and KIRPALANI, V. H. Manek (2004), “Born Globals: How to Reach New Business Space Rapidly”, International Business Review, Vol. 13, pp. 555-571.
  • GABRIELSSON, Mika (2005), “Branding Strategies of Born Globals”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, pp. 199-222.
  • GABRIELSSON, Mika, KIRPALANI, V.H. Manek, DIMITRATOS, Pavlos, SOLBERG, Carl Arthur and ZUCCHELLA, Antonella, “Born Globals: Propositions to Help Advance the Theory”, International Business Review, Basımda (Kabul tarihi 22 Şubat 2008)
  • HADJIKHANI, Amjad (1997), “A Note on the Criticisms Against the Internationalization Process Model”, Management International Review, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 43-66.
  • HANSEN, Eric L. and WITKOWSKI, Terrence H. (1999), “International New Venture Founders: Who Are They?”, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 11-18.
  • HARVESTON, Paula Danskin (2000), Synoptic Versus Incremental Internationalization: An Examination of Born Global and Gradual Globalizing Firms, Memphis Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, ABD.
  • HASHAI, Niron and ALMOR, Tamar (2004), “Gradually Internationalizing Born Global Firms: An Oxymoron?”, International Business Review, Vol. 13, pp. 465-483.
  • HOLLENSEN, Svend (2004), Global Marketing: A Decision-Oriented Approach, England, Pearson Education Limited, 3rd Edition.
  • HOLLESEN, Svend and JENSTER, Per V. (2000), “The International Marketing Challenges Facing Danish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises”, Strategic Change, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 451-459.
  • HORDES, Mark W., CLANCY, J. Anthony and BADDALEY, Julie (1995), “A Primer for Global Start-ups”, The Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 7-11.
  • JOHANSON, Jan and VAHLNE, Jan-Erik (1977), “The Internationalization Process of the Firm- A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Comitments”, Journal of International Business Studies, 8, Spring, pp. 23-32.
  • JOHANSON, Jan and VAHLNE, Jan-Erik (1990), “The Mechanism of Internationalisation”, International Marketing Review, Vol: 7, No: 4, pp. 11-24
  • JOHANSON, Jan and WIEDERSHEIM-PAUL, Finn (1975), “The Internationalization of the Firm-Four Swedish Cases”, The Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3, October, pp. 305-322.
  • JOHNSON, Jeffrey E. (2004), “Factors Influencing the Early Internationalization of High Technology Start-ups: US and UK Evidence, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, pp. 139-154.
  • KALYONCUOĞLU, Selma (2010), İşletmelerin Küresel Doğmasına Etki Eden Kurucu/Üst Düzey Yönetici Özellikleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
  • KANDASAAMI, Selvi (1998), “Internationalisation of Small and Medium-Sized Born-Global Firms: A Conceptual Model”, International Council for Small Business (ICSB) Conference.
  • KANDASAAMI, Selvi and HUANG, Xueli (Charles) (2000), “International Marketing Strategy of SMEs: A Comparison of Born-Global vs Non Born- Global Firms in Australia”, International Council for Small Business (ICSB) Conference, Brisbane-Australia, June.
  • KARRA, Neri and PHILLIPS, Nelson (2004), “Entrepreneurship Goes Global”, Ivey Business Journal, November/December, pp. 1-6. (a)
  • KARRA, Neri and PHILLIPS, Nelson (2004), “Born Global: International Entrepreneurship in the Turkish Fasion Industry”, Academy of International Business (AIB) Annual Meeting, pp.1-27. (b)
  • KAYIŞ, Aliye (2006), SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Ed. Şeref KALAYCI , Ankara, Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 2. Baskı.
  • KNIGHT, Gary A. and ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (1996), “The Born Global Firm: A Challenge to Traditional Internationalization Theory”, Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 8, pp.11-26.
  • KNIGHT, Gary A. (1997), Emerging Paradigm for International Marketing: The Born Global Firm, Michigan Eyalet Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, ABD.
  • KNIGHT, Gary A., MADSEN, Tage Koed, SERVAIS, Per and RASMUSSEN, Erik (2000), “The Born Global Firm: Description and Empirical Investigation in Europe and the United States”, American Marketing Association Conference, Winter.
  • KNIGHT, Gary A. and ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (2004), “Innovation, Organizational Capabilities, and the Born-Global Firm”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 35, pp. 124-141.
  • KNIGHT, Gary A., MADSEN, Tage Koed and SERVAIS, Per (2004), “An Inquiry into Born-Global Firms in Europe and the USA”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 645-665.
  • KNIGHT, Gary A. and ÇAVUŞGİL, S. Tamer (2005), “A Taxonomy of Born- Global Firms”, Management International Review, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 15-35.
  • KUNDU, Sumit K. and KATZ, Jerome A. (2003), “Born-International SMEs: BILevel Impacts of Resources and Intentions”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 25-47.
  • LAANTI, Riku, GABRIELSSON, Mika and GABRIELSSON, Peter (2007), “The Globalization Strategies of Business-to-Business Born Global Firms in the Wireless Technology Industry”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 36, pp. 1104-1117.
  • LARIMO, Jorma and PULKKINEN, Johanna (2002), “Global Orientation, Competitive Advantages and Export Strategies of Different Types of SMEs: Empirical Evidence From Finland”, European International Business Academy Conference.
  • LIN, Kunyi and WANG, Zheng (2008), Internationalization Process and Strategy of Born Global SME- A Study of Chinese Born Global Small and Medium-Size Enterprise, Halmstad Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İsveç.
  • LUMMAA, Heikki Juhani (2002), Internationalization Behavior of Finnish Born Global Companies, Helsinki Teknoloji Üniveristesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Finlandiya.
  • LUOSTARINEN, Reijo and GABRIELSSON, Mika (2006), “Globalization and Marketing Strategies of Born Globals in SMOPECs”, Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 773-801.
  • MADSEN, Tage Koed and SERVAIS, Per (1997), “The Internationalization of Born Globals: An Evolutionary Process?”, International Business Review, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 561-583.
  • MADSEN, Tage Koed, RASMUSSEN, Erik and SERVAIS, Per (2000), “Differences and Similarities Between Born Globals and Other Types of Exportes”, Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 10, pp. 247-265.
  • MADSEN, Tage Koed and KNUDSEN, Thorbjǿrn (2003), “International New Ventures: A New Organizational Form?”, 6th McGill Conference on International Entrepreneurship: Crossing Boundaries and Researching New Frontiers.
  • MALMGREN, Erik and SHACHAM, David (2008), A Study of the Entrepreneur’s Perceptions of the Born Global Phenomenon, Halmstad Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İsveç.
  • McAULEY, Andrew (1999), “Entrepreneurial Instant Exporters in the Scottish Arts and Crafts Sector”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 67-82.
  • McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips, SHANE, Scott and OVIATT, Benjamin M. (1994), “Explaining the Formation of International New Ventures: The Limits of Theories From International Business Research”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 469-487.
  • McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips, OVIATT, Benjamin M. and SHRADER, Rodney C. (2003), “A Comparison of International and Domestic New Ventures”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1, pp. 60-82.
  • McKINSEY & COMPANY (1993), Emerging Exporters: Australia’s High Value- Added Manufacturing Exporters, Melbourne, Australian Manufacturing Council.
  • McNAUGHTON, Rod B. (2003), “The Number of Export Markets That a Firm Serves: Process Models Versus the Born-Global Phenomenon”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 297-311.
  • MOEN, Ǿystein (2002), “The Born Globals: A New Generation of Small European Exporters”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 156-175.
  • MOEN, Ǿystein and SERVAIS, Per (2002), “Born Global or Gradual Global? Examining the Export Behavior of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 49-72.
  • MORT, Gillian Sullivan and WEERAWARDENA, Jay (2006), “Networking Capability and International Entrepreneurship: How Networks Function in Australian Born Global Firms”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 549-572.
  • OVIATT, Benjamin M. and McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips (1994), “Toward A Theory of International New Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1st Qtr., pp. 45-64.
  • OVIATT, Benjamin M. and McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips (1995), “Global Startups: Entrepreneurs on a Worldwide Stage”, The Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 9, No. 2, May, pp. 30-43.
  • OVIATT, Benjamin M. and McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips (1997), “Challenges for Internationalization Process Theory: The Case of International New Ventures”, Management International Review, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 85-99.
  • OVIATT, Benjamin M. and McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips (1999), Research in Global Strategic Management: International Entrepreneurship, Ed. A. M.
  • RUGMAN, R. W. WRIGHT, “A Framework for Understanding Accelerated International Entrepreneurship”, Stamford, CT: JAI Press, pp. 23-40.
  • OVIATT, Benjamin M. and McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips (2005), “The Internationalization of Entrepreneurship”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 36, pp. 2-8. (a)
  • OVIATT, Benjamin M. and McDOUGALL, Patricia Phillips (2005), “Toward a Theory of International New Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 36, pp. 29-41. (b)
  • PERSINGER, Elif S., ÇİVİ, Emin and VOSTİNA, Suzanne Walsh (2007), “The Born Global Entrepreneur in Emerging Economies”, International Business & Economics Research Journal, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 73-82.
  • RASMUSSAN, Erik S., MADSEN, Tage Koed and EVANGELISTA, Felicitas (2001), “The Founding of the Born Global Company in Denmark and Australia: Sensemaking and Networking”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 75-107.
  • RASMUSSEN, Erik S. and MADSEN, Tage Koed (2002), “The Born Global Concept”, 28th European International Business Academy (EIBA) Conference, December.
  • REID, Stan D. (1981), “The Decision - Maker and Export Entry and Expansion”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, Tenth Anniversary Special Issue, Autumn, pp. 101-112.
  • RENNIE, Michael W. (1993), “Born Global”, The McKinsey Quarterly, No.4, pp. 45-52.
  • REUBER, A. Rebecca and FISCHER, Eileen (1997), “The Influence of the Management Team’s International Experience on the Internationalization Behaviors of SMEs”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 807-825.
  • RHEE, Jay Hyuk (2002), “An Exploratory Examination of Propensity and Performance in New Venture Internationalization”, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 51-66.
  • RIALP-CRIADO, Alex, RIALP-CRIADO, Josep and KNIGHT, Gary A. (2002), “The Phenomenon of International New Ventures, Global Start-Ups, and Born- Globals: What Do We Know After a Decade (1993-2002) of Exhaustive Sciencetific Inquiry?”, Barcelona Autonoma Üniversitesi Çalışma Notu, December.
  • RIALP, Alex, RIALP, Josep and KNIGHT, Gary A. (2005), “The Phenomenon of Early Internationalizing Firms: What Do We Know After a Decade (1993- 2003) of Sciencetific Inquiry?”, International Business Review, Vol. 14, pp. 147-166.
  • RIALP, Alex, RIALP, Josep, URBANO, David and VAILLANT, Yancy (2005), “The Born-Global Phenomenon: A Comparative Case Study Research”, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, pp. 133-171.
  • RIDDLE, Liesl A. and GILLESPIE, Kate (2003), “Information Sources for New Ventures in the Turkish Clothing Export Industry”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 105-120.
  • ROBERTS, Edward B. and SENTURIA, Todd A. (1996), “Globalizing the Emerging High-Technology Company”, Industrial Marketing Managemet, Vol. 25, pp. 491-506.
  • ROGERS, Everett M. (1964), Diffusion of Innovations, New York, The Free Press of Glencoe.
  • SHARMA, D. Deo and BLOMSTERMO, Anders (2003), “The Internationalization Process of Born Globals: A Network View”, International Business Review, Vol. 12, pp. 739-753.
  • VESPER, Karl H. and VORHIES, Kenneth A. (1979), “Entrepreneurship in Foreign Trade”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 17, No. 2, April, pp. 5- 11.
  • WELBOURNE, Theresa M. and DE CIERI, Helen (2001), “How New Venture Initial Public Offerings Benefit From International Operations: A Study of Human Resource Value”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 652-668.
  • ZOU, Shaoming and STAN, Simona (1998), “The Determinants of Export Performance: A Review of the Empirical Literature Between 1987 and 1997”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 333-356.
  • ZUCCHELLA, Antonella (2002), “Born Global Versus Gradually Internationalizing Firms: An Analysis Based on the Italian Case”, 28th European International Business Academy (EIBA) Conference.
APA KALYONCU S, Üner M (2010). Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. , 1 - 42.
Chicago KALYONCU Selma,Üner Mehmet Mithat Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. (2010): 1 - 42.
MLA KALYONCU Selma,Üner Mehmet Mithat Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. , 2010, ss.1 - 42.
AMA KALYONCU S,Üner M Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. . 2010; 1 - 42.
Vancouver KALYONCU S,Üner M Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. . 2010; 1 - 42.
IEEE KALYONCU S,Üner M "Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma." , ss.1 - 42, 2010.
ISNAD KALYONCU, Selma - Üner, Mehmet Mithat. "Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma". (2010), 1-42.
APA KALYONCU S, Üner M (2010). Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), 1 - 42.
Chicago KALYONCU Selma,Üner Mehmet Mithat Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 12, no.3 (2010): 1 - 42.
MLA KALYONCU Selma,Üner Mehmet Mithat Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.12, no.3, 2010, ss.1 - 42.
AMA KALYONCU S,Üner M Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; 12(3): 1 - 42.
Vancouver KALYONCU S,Üner M Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; 12(3): 1 - 42.
IEEE KALYONCU S,Üner M "Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma." Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, ss.1 - 42, 2010.
ISNAD KALYONCU, Selma - Üner, Mehmet Mithat. "Küresel doğan işletme kavramı ve işletmelerin küresel doğmasına etki eden kurucu/üst düzey yönetici özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir araştırma". Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 12/3 (2010), 1-42.
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
22-04-2024 17:7

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları