Beekeeping is a good alternative activity and income source for rural population with its idiosyncratic features. Although Turkey ecologically has a very favorable nature for beekeeping, unfortunately only a fraction of its potential is used. Moreover, productivity in beekeeping enterprises is very low too. For this end, these enterprises were examined in terms of socioeconomic structure and the factors affecting the productivity were determined via regression analysis. Bingöl province which has a good beekeeping potential but far from the place it deserves was selected as a research area. The number of the examined enteiprises was determined through proportional sampling method. According to the study results, the beekeeping activity was mostly performed by over middle-age farmers. The most significant issues affecting honey production were indicated as "bad climate conditions" and "wintering loss". It was found that the honey productivity was higher in enterprises with more hives, which were members of cooperatives and practicing migratory beekeeping. Therefore, the policies towards increasing the number of commercial enterprises with more hives, inducing migratory beekeeping and expanding education and extension services through cooperatives will escalate the honey production and productivity in the region. As a result, income level of rural population will go up and this will contribute to rural development.