Yıl: 2012 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 37 Sayfa Aralığı: 51 - 61 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics

Öz:
Bu çalışmada “İşe Gömülmüşlük” kavramı ele alınarak demografik deşikenlerle ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Gömülmüşlük sosyolojide kişiler arasındaki etkileşimleri açıklarken, kurum açısından bireyin kalma ya da ayrılma niyeti ile ilişkilendirilebilir. İşe gömülmüşlük ise, çalışanları halen çalışmakta oldukları işte devamlarını sağlayan tüm unsurlar olarak tanımlanabilir. Teoride üç boyut içerisinde ele alınmaktadır: bağlantı, uyma ve fedakarlık. Çalışmada Mitchell, ve arkadaşlarrının [5] işe gömülmüşlük ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle ölçeğin tanımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerde “kuruma bağlı fedakarlık”, “topluluğa uyma & topluluğa bağlı fedakarlık”, “kuruma uyma & yönetim felsefesi” ve “kuruma-işe uyma” olarak adlandırılan dört boyuta ulaşılmıştır. Demografik değişkenler açısından yapılan analizlerde “kuruma bağlı fedakarlık” boyutunun erkekler, “topluluğa uyma & topluluğa bağlı fedakarlık” boyutunun bekarlar açısından daha anlamlı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca aile kökleri yaşadıkları toplulukta olanların “topluluğa uyma & topluluğa bağlı fedakarlık”; yakın çevresinde arkadaşları olmayan ya da çok az olanların da genel olarak “işe gömülmüşlük”, “topluluğa uyma & topluluğa bağlı fedakarlık” ve “kuruma uyma & yönetim felsefesi” faktörlerine daha çok anlam yükledikleri görülmüştür.-
Anahtar Kelime:

İşe gömülmüşlük kavramının farklı sosyo demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisi

Öz:
This study aims to analyze job embeddedness in terms of its relationship with demographic variables. Embeddedness in sociology refers to interaction between people whereas it refers to intent to leave or stay in organization studies. Moreover, job embeddedness refers to all the factors that lead people to stay in their organizations. In theory it is considered in three dimensions namely, fit, links and sacrifice. In this study, the job embeddedness inventory developed by Mitchell and his colleagues [5] is used. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are conducted. As a result of the analysis, four factors “Organization related sacrifice”, “Fit to community & Community related sacrifice”, “Fit to organization and Management Philosophy” and “Fit to organization and task” have been revealed. As a result of analyses with demographic variables, for males “Organization related sacrifice” and for singles “Fit to community & Community related sacrifice” have been found to be more significant. Employees were found to show more “fit to community & community related sacrifice” when their family roots were in the same community. However, employees were found to show higher “job embeddedness”, “higher fit to community & community related sacrifice” and “fit to organization - management philosophy” if only a few or none of their close friends were nearby.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] Harris, K.J.; Wheeler, A.R. & Kacmar, K.M. (2011). The Mediating Role of Organizational Job embeddedness in the LMX- Outcomes Relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 271-281.
  • [2] March, J.G. & Simon HA. (1958). Organizations. New York: Wiley.
  • [3] Lee, T.W.; Mitchell, T.R.; Sablynski, C.J.; Burton, J.P., & Holtom, B.C. (2004). The Effects of Job Embeddedness on Organizational Citizenship, Job Performance, Volitional Absences, and Voluntary Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 711 -722.
  • [4] Mobley W.H. (1977). Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237-240.
  • [5] Mitchell T.R.; Holtom, B.C.; Lee, T.W.; Sablynski, C.J. & Erez, M. (2001). Why People Stay: Using Job Embeddedness to Predict Voluntary Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102-1121.
  • [6] Sekiguchi, T.; Burton, J.P. & Sablynski, C.J. (2008). The Role of Job Embeddedness on Employee Performance: The Interactive Effects with Leader-Member Excahnge and Organization - Based Self Esteem. Personnel Psychology. 61(4), 761-793.
  • [7] Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper.
  • [8] O'Reilly III, C.A.; Caldwell, D.F. & Barnett, W.P. (1989). Work Group Demography, Social Integration, and Turnover. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34(1): 21-37.
  • [9] Reitz, O.E. & Anderson, M.A. (2011). An Overview of Job Embeddedness. Journal of Professional Nursing, 27(5), 320-327.
  • [10] Chan, D. (1996). Cognitive Misfit of Problem-Solving Style at Work: A Facet of Person-Organization Fit. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 68(3), 194-207.
  • [11] Villanova, P.; Bernardin, H.; Johnson, D. & Dahmus, S. (1994). The Validity of a Measure of Job Compatibility in the Prediction of Job Performance and Turnover of Motion Picture Theater Personnel. Personnel Psychology, 47(1), 73-90.
  • [12] Shaw, J.D.; Delery, J.E.; Jenkins, G.D. & Gupta, N. (1998). An Organization-Level Analysis of Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), 511-525.
  • [13] Cohen, S.G. & Bailey, D.E. (1997). What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite. Journal of Management, 23(3), 239-290.
  • [14] Lee, T.W. & Mitchell, T.R. (1994). An Alternative Approach: The Unfolding Model of Voluntary Employee Turnover. Academy of Management Review, 19(1), 51-89.
  • [15] Hall, D.T. (2002). Careers In And Out of Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • [16] Schwartz, E.N., (1989). Executives and Organizations: Management Women and the New Facts of Life. Harvard Business Review, 67(1), 65-76.
  • [17] Stroll, L.K.; Brett, J.M. & Reilly, A.H. (1996). Family Structure, Glass Ceiling, and Tradidonal Explanations for the Differential Rate of Turnover of Female and Male Managers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49(1), 99-118.
  • [18] Griffeth, R.W.; Horn, P.W. & Gaertner, S. (2000), A Metaanalysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover, Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium, Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-488.
  • [19] Royalty, A.B. (1998). Job-to-Job and Job-to-Nonemployment: Turnover by Gender and Education Level, Journal of Labor Economics, 16(2), 392-443.
  • [20]Abelson, M.A. (1987). Examination of Avoidable and Unavoidable Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 382-386.
  • [21] Cohen, A. (1995). An Examination of the Relationships Between Work Commitment and Nonwork Domains. Human Relations, 48(3), 239-263.
  • [22] Feldman, D.C. & Tompson, H.B. (1993). Expatriation, Repatriation, and Domestic Geographical Relocation: An Empirical Investigation of Adjustment to New Job Assignments. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(3), 507-529.
  • [23] Ornstein, S.; Cron, W.L. & Slocum, J.W. (1989). Life Stage Versus Career Stage: A Comparative Test of the Theories of Levinson and Super. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10(2), 117-133.
  • [24] Shen, Y. & Hall, D.T. (2009). When Expatriates Explore Other Options: Retaining Talent through Greater Job Embeddedness and Repatriation Adjustment, Human Resource Management, 48(5), 793-816.
  • [25] Arçıknecht, P.A. & Early, J.F. (1972), Quit in Manufacturing, a Study of Their Causes, Monthly Labor Review, 95(11), 31-37.
  • [26] Mano-Negrin, R. & Tzafrir, S.S. (2004), Job Search Modes and Turnover, Career Development International, 9(5), 442-458.
  • [27] Trevor, C. (2001), Interactive Effects among Actual Ease of Movement Determinants and Job Satisfaction in the Prediction of Voluntary Turnover, Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 621-638.
  • [28] Holdom, B.C. & Inderrieden, E.J. (2006) Integrating the Unfolding Model and Job Embeddedness Model to Better Understand Voluntary Turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18(4), 435-452
  • [29] Super, D.E. (1957). The psychology of careers. New York: Harper & Row.
  • [30] Super, D.E. (1980). A Life-Span, Life-Space Approach to Career Development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282-298.
  • [31] Super, D.E. (1992). Toward A Comprehensive Theory of Career Development. (Eds.: Montross, D.H. & Shinkman, C.J.). Career Development: Theory and Practice. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 35-64.
  • [32] Kram, K.E. & Isabella, L.A. (1985). Mentoring Alternatives: The Role of Peer Relationships in Career Development. Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 110-132.
  • [33] Levinson, D.J. (1996). The Seasons of a Woman's Life. New York: Knopf.
  • [34] Levinson, D.J.; Darrow, C.N.; Klein, E.B.; Levinson, M.H. & McKee, B. (1978). The Seasons of a Man's Life. New York: Knopf.
  • [35] Sullivan, S.E. (1999). The Changing Nature of Careers: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 25(3), 457-484.
  • [36] Sharma S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Newyork, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  • [37] Hair Jr. F.J.; Black, C.W.; Babin, J.B. & Anderson, E.R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Inc.
  • [38] Netemeyer, R.G.; Bearden, W.O. & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • [39] Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric Theory. 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • 40] Hoyle, R.H. (1995). Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
  • [41] Lattin, J.; Carroll, D.J. & Green, P.E. (2003). Analyzing Multivariate Data. Pasifle Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.
  • [42] Hu, L. & Bentler, P.M. (1995). Evaluating Model Fit. In (Ed. Hoyle, R.). Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, 76-99.
  • [43] Anderson, J.C. & Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103 (May), 411-423.
  • [44] Fornell, C. & Larcker F.D. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39-50.
  • [45] Bagozzi, R.P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(2), 74-94.
  • [46] Allen, D.G. (2006). Do Organizational Socialization Tactics influence Newcomer Embeddedness? Journal of Management, 32(2), 237-257.
  • [47] Crossley, C.D.; Bennett, R.J.; Jex, S.M. & Burnfıeld, J.L. (2007). Development of a Global Measurement of Job Embeddedness and Integration into a Traditional Model of Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1031-1042.
  • [48] Trevor, C.O. & Nyberg, A.J. (2008). Keeping Headcount When All About You Are Losing Theirs: Downsizing, Voluntary Turnover Rates, and the Moderating Role of HR Practices. Academy of Management Journal, 51(2), 259-276.
  • [49] Felps, W.; Hekman, D.R.; Mitchell, T.R.; Lee, T.W.; Harman, W.S. & Holtom, B.C. (2009). Turnover Contagion: How Coworkers' Job Embeddedness and Coworkers' Job Search Behaviors Influence Quitting. Academy of Management Journal. 52(3), 545-561.
  • [50] Cotton, J.L. & Tuttle, J.M. (1986). Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review with Implications for Research. Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 55-70.
  • [51] Miller, J.G. & Wheeler, K.G. (1992). Unraveling The Mysteries of Gender Differences in Intentions to Leave The Organization. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(5), 465-478.
  • [52] Brush, D.H.; Moch, M.K. & Pooyan, A. (1987). Individual Demographic Differences and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 5(2), 139-155.
  • [53] Phelan, J.E.; Bromet, J. & Scwartz, J.E. (1994). The Work Environment of Male and Female Professionals: Objective and Subjective Characteristics. Work and Occupations, 20(1), 63-89.
  • [54] Rosin, H. & Korabik, K. (1995). Organizational Experiences and Propensity to Leave: A Multivariate Investigation of Men and Women Managers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 46(1), 1-16.
  • [55] Weisberg, J. & Kirschenbaum, A. (1993). Gender and Turnover: A Reexamination of the Impact of Sex on Intent and Actual Job Changes. Human Relations, 46(8), 987-1006.
  • [56] Wenk, D. & Rosenfeld, R. (1992). Women's Employment Exit and Reentry: Job Leaving Reasons and Their Consequences. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, (11), 127-150.
  • [57] Steir, H.; Lewin-Epstein, N. & Braun, M. (2001). Welfare Regimes, Familysupportive Policies, and Women's Employment along the Life-Course. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), 1731-1760.
  • [58] Felmlee, D. (1995). Causes and Consequences of Women's Employment Discontinuity. Work and Occupations, 22(2), 167-187.
  • [59] Lee, T.W. & Maurer, S. (1999). The Effects of Family Structure on Organizational Commitment, Intention to Leave and Voluntary Turnover. Journal of Managerial Issues, 11(4), 493-513.
  • [60] Price, J.L. & Mueller, C.W. (1981). A Causal Model of Turnover For Nurses. Academy of Management Journal, 24(3), 543-565.
  • [61] Viscusi, K.W. (1980) Sex Differences in Worker Quitting. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(3), 388-398.
  • [62] Martin, T.N.Jr. (1979). A Contextual Model of Employee Turnover Intentions. Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 313-324.
  • [63] Waters, L.K.; Roach, D. & Waters, C.W. (1976) Estimates of Future Tenure, Satisfaction, and Biographical Variables as Predictors of Termination. Personnel Psychology, 29(1), 57-60.
  • [64] Prestholdt, P.H.; Lane I.M. & Mathews, R.C. (1987) Nurse Turnover as Reasoned Action: Development of a Process Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(2), 221 -227.
  • [65] Valle, M.; Leupold, C.R. & Leupold, K.L. (2006) Holding Holding on and Letting Go: The Relationship between Job Embeddedness and Turnover Among PEM Physicians. Journal of Business Inquiry, 5(1), 3-10.
  • [66] Barney, S.M. (2002). Retaining our workforce, regaining our potential. Journal of Healthcare Management, 47(5), 291-295.
APA BİRSEL M, BÖRÜ M, İSLAMOĞLU G, YURTKORU E (2012). JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. , 51 - 61.
Chicago BİRSEL Melek,BÖRÜ MELİHA DENİZ,İSLAMOĞLU Güler,YURTKORU E. Serra JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. (2012): 51 - 61.
MLA BİRSEL Melek,BÖRÜ MELİHA DENİZ,İSLAMOĞLU Güler,YURTKORU E. Serra JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. , 2012, ss.51 - 61.
AMA BİRSEL M,BÖRÜ M,İSLAMOĞLU G,YURTKORU E JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. . 2012; 51 - 61.
Vancouver BİRSEL M,BÖRÜ M,İSLAMOĞLU G,YURTKORU E JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. . 2012; 51 - 61.
IEEE BİRSEL M,BÖRÜ M,İSLAMOĞLU G,YURTKORU E "JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics." , ss.51 - 61, 2012.
ISNAD BİRSEL, Melek vd. "JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics". (2012), 51-61.
APA BİRSEL M, BÖRÜ M, İSLAMOĞLU G, YURTKORU E (2012). JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. ÖNERİ, 10(37), 51 - 61.
Chicago BİRSEL Melek,BÖRÜ MELİHA DENİZ,İSLAMOĞLU Güler,YURTKORU E. Serra JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. ÖNERİ 10, no.37 (2012): 51 - 61.
MLA BİRSEL Melek,BÖRÜ MELİHA DENİZ,İSLAMOĞLU Güler,YURTKORU E. Serra JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. ÖNERİ, vol.10, no.37, 2012, ss.51 - 61.
AMA BİRSEL M,BÖRÜ M,İSLAMOĞLU G,YURTKORU E JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. ÖNERİ. 2012; 10(37): 51 - 61.
Vancouver BİRSEL M,BÖRÜ M,İSLAMOĞLU G,YURTKORU E JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics. ÖNERİ. 2012; 10(37): 51 - 61.
IEEE BİRSEL M,BÖRÜ M,İSLAMOĞLU G,YURTKORU E "JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics." ÖNERİ, 10, ss.51 - 61, 2012.
ISNAD BİRSEL, Melek vd. "JOb embeddedness in relation with different socio demographic characteristics". ÖNERİ 10/37 (2012), 51-61.