Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions
Yıl: 2013 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 38 Sayfa Aralığı: 101 - 125 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions
Öz: Bu makale, son on yılda Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerindeki bozulmaya dair yapılan ideolojik ve rasyonalist açıklamaların önemli, ama tek başına yetersiz olduğu savından hareketle, iki ülke arasındaki kriz sarmalının büyümesinde milli onur siyasetinin önemini vurgulayan tamamlayıcı bir analiz sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. “Büyüklük” ve “istisnacılık” iddiaları, Türkiye ve İsrail’i aşağılanmaya karşı oldukça duyarlı hale getirirken, birbirlerinin otorite ve üstünlük savlarına meydan okuyan davranışları, iki ülke arasında varolan gerginlikleri daha da arttırmıştır. Her ne kadar onur söyleminin siyasiler tarafından vurgulanışı ve bunun ülke çapındaki yansımaları bakımından Türkiye ve İsrail arasında farklar olsa da, iki ülkenin de kendisini ahlaki açıdan diğerinden üstün bir mertebeye yerleştirme isteği, Türkiye ve İsrail’in bir uzlaşmaya varmasını giderek zorlaştırmıştır.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerinde milli onur siyaseti: Yakın geçmişteki gerginliklerin alternatif bir muhasebesi
Öz: This article seeks to complement the ideological and rationalist accounts of the deterioration of Turkish-Israeli relations in the last decade by focusing on the role of honor politics in exacerbating the tension between Turkey and Israel. Claims to “greatness” and/or “exceptionalism” have made both countries very sensitive to humiliation, while their reciprocal gestures defying each other’s claimed authority and superiority have further aggravated the tensions. Both countries’ desire to place themselves on a higher moral plane and preoccupation with national honor, although it was accentuated differently and gained varying degrees of public resonance in each country, have made it increasingly difficult for both Turkey and Israel to reach a compromise.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
- Akgün, Mensur, et. al, Ortadoğu’da Türkiye Algısı 2010, Istanbul, TESEV Yayınları, 2011.
- Akgün, Mensur & Sebiha Senyücel Gündoğar. Ortadoğu’da Türkiye Algısı 2011, Istanbul, TESEV Yayınları, 2012.
- Alam, M. Shahid. The Israeli Exceptionalism: The Destabilizing Logic of Zionism, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
- Altunışık, Meliha. “Turkish-Israeli Rapprochement in the Post-Cold War Era,” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2000, p. 172-191.
- Altunışık, Meliha & Esra Çuhadar. “Turkey’s Search for a Third Party Role in Arab–Israeli Conflicts: A Neutral Facilitator or a Principal Power Mediator?” Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2010, p.371-392.
- Altunışık, Meliha B. & Lenore G. Martin. “Making Sense of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East under AKP,” Turkish Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2011, p.569-587.
- Aras, Bülent. “Turkey’s rise in the Greater Middle East: peace-building in the periphery,” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2009, p.29-41.
- Aras, Bülent & Salih Bıçakçı. “Europe, Turkey and the Middle East: Is Harmonization Possible?” East European Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 3, 2006, p.367-81.
- Aydın, Mustafa. “Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy: Historical Framework and Traditional Inputs,” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1999, p.152-86.
- Aydın, Mustafa. “The Determinants of Turkish Foreign Policy, and Turkey’s European Vocation,” The Review of International Affairs, Vol. 3, No. 2, p.306-331.
- Aytürk, İlker. “The Coming of an Ice Age? Turkish–Israeli Relations Since 2002,” Turkish Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2011, p.675-687.
- Bacık, Gökhan. “Turkish-Israeli relations after Davos: A View from Turkey,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2009, p.31-41.
- Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever & Jaap De Wilde. Security: A New Framework for Analysis, London, Lyne Reinner Publisher, 1998.
- Davutoğlu, Ahmet. Stratejik Derinlik, Istanbul. Küre Yayınları, 2001.
- Davutoğlu, Ahmet “Turkey’s Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2008, p.77-96.
- Davutoğlu, Ahmet “Turkey’s Zero-Problems Foreign Policy,” Foreign Policy, 20 May 2010.
- Dietrich, Jung & Wolfango Piccoli. “The Turkish-Israeli Alignment: Paranoia or Pragmatism?” Security Dialogue, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2000, p.91-104.
- Eligür, Banu. “Crisis in Turkish-Israeli relations (December 2008-June 2011): From Partnership to Enmity,” Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2012, p.429-459.
- Finnemore Martha & Kathryn Sikkink. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change,” International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 4, 1998, p.887-917.
- Fuller, Graham. “Turkey Faces East: New Orientations toward the Middle East and the Old Soviet Union”, Santa Monica, CA, Rand Corporation, 1992.
- Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981.
- Goffman Erving. Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face to Face Behavior, New York, Pantheon Books, 1967.
- Goren, Nimrod. “An Unfulfilled Opportunity for Reconciliation: Israel and Turkey during the Arab Spring,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2012, p.121-135.
- Herz, John. Political Realism and Political Idealism, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1951.
- Inbar, Efraim. “The Resiliance of Israeli-Turkish Relations,” Israeli Affairs, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2005, p.591-607.
- Inbar, Efraim. “Israeli-Turkish Tensions and their International Ramifications,” Orbis, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2011, p.132-146.
- Joshi, Shashank. “Honor in International Relations,” Weatherheadcenter for International Affairs, Working Paper, No. 2008-0146, 2008, p.1-31.
- Jung, Dietrich and Wolfango Piccoli. “The Turkish-Israeli Alignment: Paranoia or Pragmatism?” Security Dialogue, Vol. 31, No.1, 2000, p.91-104.
- Kibaroğlu, Mustafa & Barış Çağlar. “Implications of a Nuclear Iran for Turkey,” Middle East Policy, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2008, p.59-80.
- Kirişçi, Kemal. “The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: Rise of the Trading State,” New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol. 30, 2009, p. 29-57.
- Kirişçi, Kemal. “Turkey’s ‘Demonstrative Effect’ and the Transformation of the Middle East,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2011, p. 33-55.
- Kösebalan, Hasan. “The Crisis in Turkish-Israeli Relations: What Is Its Strategic Significance?” Middle East Policy, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2010, p. 36-50.
- Lebow, Richard Ned. A Cultural Theory of International Relations, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- Lebow, Richard Ned. “Fear, Interest and Honour: Outlines of a theory of International Relations,” International Affairs, Vol. 82, No. 3, 2006, p. 431-48.
- Lupovici, Amir. “Ontological Dissonance, Clashing Identities, and Israel’s Unilateral Steps towards the Palestinians,” Review of International Studies, 2011, p.1-25.
- Margalit, Avishai and Gabriel Motzkin. “The Uniqueness of the Holocaust,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1996, p.65-83.
- Markey, Daniel. “Prestige and the Origins of War: Returning to Realism’s Roots,” Security Studies, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1999, p. 126-172.
- Merom, Gil. “Israel’s National Security and the Myth of Exceptionalism,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 114, No. 3, 1999, p. 409-434.
- Mitzen, Jennifer. “Ontological Security in World Politics: State Identity and the Security Dilemma,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2006, p.341-70.
- Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce, Milliyetçilik, Istanbul, İletişim, 2009.
- Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations, 6th ed., New York, Knopf, 1985.
- Neu, Jerome. Sticks and Stones: The Philosophy of Insults, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008.
- O’Neill, Barry. Honor, Symbols, and War, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1999.
- O’Neill, Barry. “Mediating National Honor: Lessons from the Era of Dueling,” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 159, 2003, p. 1-19.
- Oğuzlu, Tarık. “Middle Easternization of Turkey’s Foreign Policy: Does Turkey Dissociate from the West?” Turkish Studies, Vol. 9, No.1, 2008, p.3-20.
- Oğuzlu, Tarık “The Changing Dynamics of Turkey-Israel Relations: A Structural Realist Account,” Meditteranean Politics, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2010, p.273-288.
- Parla, Leo. National Honor, New York, Macmillan, 1918.
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Press Release Regarding the Attitude of Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister During His Meeting With Turkey’s Ambassador To Tel Aviv,” No. 7, 12, January 2010.
- Rosenberg, Gavriel D. “The Politics of Uniqueness: Reflections of the Recent Polemical Turn in Holocaust and Genocide Scholarship,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1999, p.28-61.
- Steele, Brent J. “Ontological Security and the Power of Self-Identity: British Neutrality and the American Civil War,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2005, p. 519-40.
- Steele, Brent J.Ontological Security in International Relations: Self-Identity and the IR State, New York, Routledge, 2008.
- Sucharov, Mira M. The International Self. Psychoanalysis and the Search for Israeli-Palestinian Peace, New York, State University of New York Press, 2005.
- Walker, Joshua. “Turkey and Israel’s Relationship in the Middle East,” Mediterranean Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2006, p. 60-90.
- Waxman, Dov. The Pursuit of Peace and the Crisis of Israeli Identity: Defining/Defending the Nation, New York, Palgrave, 2006.
- Wendt, Alexander. Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
- Yanık, Lerna. “Constructing Turkish “exceptionalism”: Discourses of liminality and hybridity in post-Cold War Turkish foreign policy,” Political Geography, Vol. 30, No. 2, 2011, p. 80-89.
- Yavuz, Hakan. “Turkish-Israeli Relations Through the Lens of the Turkish Identity Debate,” Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1997, p.22-37.
- Zarakol, Ayşe. “Ontological (In)security and State Denial of Historical Crimes: Turkey and Japan,” International Relations, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2010, p. 3-23.
- Haaretz
- Hurriyet Daily News
- Israel Hayom
- Maariv
- New York Times
- Posta
- Radikal
- The Jerusalem Post
- The Washington Times
- Today’s Zaman
- Yeni Şafak
| APA | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö (2013). Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. , 101 - 125. |
| Chicago | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Özlem Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. (2013): 101 - 125. |
| MLA | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Özlem Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. , 2013, ss.101 - 125. |
| AMA | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. . 2013; 101 - 125. |
| Vancouver | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. . 2013; 101 - 125. |
| IEEE | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö "Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions." , ss.101 - 125, 2013. |
| ISNAD | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ, Özlem. "Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions". (2013), 101-125. |
| APA | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö (2013). Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 10(38), 101 - 125. |
| Chicago | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Özlem Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. Uluslararası İlişkiler 10, no.38 (2013): 101 - 125. |
| MLA | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Özlem Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. Uluslararası İlişkiler, vol.10, no.38, 2013, ss.101 - 125. |
| AMA | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. Uluslararası İlişkiler. 2013; 10(38): 101 - 125. |
| Vancouver | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions. Uluslararası İlişkiler. 2013; 10(38): 101 - 125. |
| IEEE | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ Ö "Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions." Uluslararası İlişkiler, 10, ss.101 - 125, 2013. |
| ISNAD | BAGDONAS DEMİRTAŞ, Özlem. "Politics of national honor in Turkish-Israeli relations: An alternative account of the recent tensions". Uluslararası İlişkiler 10/38 (2013), 101-125. |
