Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations

Altıkat, Sefa

Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations

Sefa ALTIKAT (Iğdır Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü, Iğdır, Türkiye)

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi

0 0

Yıl: 2013 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 55 - 61 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations

Öz:

Bu araştırmanın amacı, agregat büyüklüğü ve sıra üzeri sıkıştırma düzeylerinin buğday bitkisinin gelişim periyodu boyunca CO2 yayılımı, bakteri ve mantar popülasyonlarına olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, iki farklı ortalama ağırlık çap grubu elde edebilmek amacıyla yatay rotorlu toprak frezesi farklı traktör ilerleme hızlarında kullanılmıştır. Traktör ilerleme hızları olarak 1.8 ve 4.5 km h -1, sıra üzeri sıkıştırma düzeyleri olarak ise 0.30 ve 60 kPa sıkıştırma düzeylerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, CO 2 yayılımı, mikrobiyal popülasyon ve penetrasyon direnci üzerine hem ortalama ağırlıklı çap değerlerinin hem de sıra üzeri sıkıştırma düzeylerinin etkileri önemli bulunmuştur. Tüm ölçüm periyotlarında en yüksek CO 2 yayılımı ile bakteri ve mantar popülasyonları; 12.75 mm ortalama ağırlıklı çap grubu ile sıkıştırmanın uygulanmadığı parsellerde gözlenirken, en düşük değerler; 17.87 mm ortalama ağırlıklı çap grubu ve 60 kPa sıkıştırma düzeyinin uygulandığı parsellerde elde edilmiştir. Sıra üzeri sıkıştırma düzeyindeki artış CO2 yayılımını ve mikrobiyal popülasyonu azaltmış, penetrasyon direncini ise artırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Ziraat Mühendisliği

Agregat büyüklüğü ve sıkıştırma düzeylerinin CO2 yayılımı ve mikrobiyal popülasyona etkileri

Öz:

The aim of this study is to identify the effects of aggregate size and intra-row compaction levels on soil carbon di oxide-carbon (CO2-C) fluxes, bacterial and fungal populations during wheat growing period. A horizontal axis rotary tiller was used to obtain two different mean weight diameters (MWD) by changing tractor forward speeds. Tractor forward speeds were 1.8 and 4.5 km h-1, and intra-row compaction levels were: control, 30 kPa and 60 kPa. The fluxes of CO2-C, microbial inhabitants and penetration resistance (PR) were statistically significant different for both MWD and intra-row compaction levels. Maximum CO2-C fluxes, bacteria and fungi inhabitants were obtained with 12.75 mm MWD and control whereas the minimum rates were assigned at the plot which 17.87 mm MWD and 60 kPa intra-row compaction. Increasing the intra-row compaction lowered the soil CO2-C fluxes and microbial population, but increased the penetration resistance.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Ziraat Mühendisliği

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Anonim (2010). Data of Turkish State Meteorological Service- Erzurum province (in Turkish).
Altikat S and Celik A (2011). The effect of tillage and intra-row compaction on seedbed properties and red lentil emergence under dry land conditions. Soil and Tillage Research 114: 1-8.
Barthes B and Roose E (2002). Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion validation at several levels. Catena 47: 133–149.
Beare MH, Hu S, Coleman DC and Hendrix PF (1997). Influences of mycelial fungi on soil aggregation and organic matter storage in conventional and no- tillage soils. Applied Soil Ecology 5: 211–219.
Beylich A, Oberholzer HR, Schrader S, Höper H and Wilke BM (2010). Evaluation of soil compaction effects on soil biota and soil biological processes in soils. Soil and Tillage Research 109:133-143.
Bilen S, Celik A and Altikat S (2010). Effects of strip and full-width tillage on soil carbon IV Oxide-carbon (CO2-C) fluxes and on bacterial and fungal populations in sunflower. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(38): 6312-6319.
Busscher WJ and Sojka RE (1987). Enhancement of subsoiling effect on soil strength by conservational tillage. Trans. ASAE 30(4): 888–892.
Canbolat MY, Bilen S, Cakmakci R, Sahin F and Aydin A (2006). Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rhizosphere microflora. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 42(4): 350-357.
De Neve S and Hofman G (2000). Influence of soil compaction on carbon and nitrogen mineralization of soil organic matter and crop residues. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 30: 544–549.
Frey SD, Elliott ET and Paustian K (1999). Bacterial and fungal abundance and biomass in conventional and no-tillage agro-ecosystems along two climatic gradients. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31: 573– 585.
Grigal DF (2000). Effects of extensive forest management on soil productivity. For. Ecol. Manage. 138: 167–185.
Hakansson I and Lipiec J (2000). A review of usefulness of relative bulk density values in studies of soil structure and compaction. Soil Till. Res. 53 (2): 71–85.
Handershot WH, Lalande H and Duquette M (1993). Soil Reaction and Exchangeable Acidity. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Martin R. Carter (Ed.). Canadian Society of Soil Science, Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. p: 141-147.
Islam KR, Mulchi CL and Ali AA (2000) Interactions of tropospheric CO2 or O3 enrichments and moisture variations on microbial biomass and respiration in soil. Glob Chang Biol. 6:255–265.
Janzen HH (1993). Soluble Salt. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Martin R. Carter (Ed.), Canadian Soil Sci. Soc. Lewis Publi. Boca Raton, FL, USA. p: 161-167.
Jastrow JD, Amonette JE and Bailey VL (2007). Mechanisms controlling soil carbon turnover and their potential application for enhancing carbon sequestration. Climatic Change 80: 5–23.
Jensen LS, McQueen DJ and Shepherd TG (1996). Effects of soil compaction on N-mineralization and microbial-C and –N I. Field measurements. Soil Till. Res. 38: 175–188.
Korucu Y, Yurdagül, F.C., 2013. Using the Image Processing Method as a New Approach to Obtain the Residue Cover on the Soil Surface, Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University. 30 (2), 6-17 (in Turkish).
Lee WJ, Wood CW, Reeves DW, Entry JA and Raper RL, 1996. Interactive effects of wheel-traffic and tillage system on soil carbon and nitrogen. Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. 27, 3027–3043.
Li Q, Allen HL, Arthur G and Wollum AG (2004). Microbial biomass and bacterial functional diversity in forest soils: effects of organic matter removal, compaction, and vegetation control. Soil and Tillage Research 36:571-579.
Li Q, Allen HL and Wilson CA (2003). Nitrogen mineralization Dynamics following the establishment of a loblolly pine plantation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:364–374.
Lipiec J and Stepniewski W (1995). Effects of soil compaction and tillage systems on uptake and losses of nutrients. Soil Tillage Res. 35: 37–52.
Madigon MT and Martinko JM (2006). Biology of Microorganisms. 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mapfumo E, Chanasyk DS, Naeth MA and Baron VS (1998). Forage growth and yield components as influenced by subsurface compaction. Agron. J. 90: 805–812.
Motavalli PP, Anderson SH and Pengthamkeerati P (2003). Surface compaction and poultry litter effects on corn growth, nitrogen availability, and physical properties of a claypan soil. Field Crops Res. 84: 303–318.
Nakamoto T and Tsukamoto M (2006). Abundance and activity of soil organisms in fields of maize grown with a white clover living mulch. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 115: 34-42.
Pankhurst CE, Kirkby CA, Hawke BG and Harch BD (2002). Impact of a change in tillage and crop residue management practice on soil chemical and microbiological properties in a cereal-producing red duplex soil in NSW, Australia. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35: 189–196.
Ruser R, Flessa H, Russow R, Schmidt G, Buegger F and Munch JC (2006). Emission of N2O, N2 and CO2 from soil fertilized with nitrate: effect of compaction, soil moisture and rewetting. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 263–274.
Shafiq M, Hassan A and Ahmad S (1994). Soil physical properties as influenced by induced compaction under laboratory and field conditions. Soil Till. Res. 29: 13–22.
Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S and Denef K (2004). A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter Dynamics. Soil and Tillage Research 79:7- 31.
Soil Survey Staff (1999). Soil Taxonomy a Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys 2nd ed. US Dept. Agric. Soil Conservation Service Washington.
Tan X and Chang SX (2007). Soil compaction and forest litter amendment affect carbon and net nitrogen mineralization in a boreal forest soil. Soil Tillage Res. 93: 77–86.
Tiessen H and Moir JO (1993). Total and Organic Carbon. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Martin R. Carter (Ed.). Canadian Society of Soil Science. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. pp: 187- 201.
Topp GC, Galganov YT, Ball BC and Carter MR (1993). Soil Water Desorption Curves. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Martin R. Carter (Ed.). Canadian Society of Soil Science. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, Florida, USA. pp: 569- 581.
Vepraskas MJ (1994). Plant response mechanisms to soil compaction. In: Wilkinson, R.E. (Ed.), Plant– Environment Interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.

APA	Altıkat S (2013). Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. , 55 - 61.
Chicago	Altıkat Sefa Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. (2013): 55 - 61.
MLA	Altıkat Sefa Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. , 2013, ss.55 - 61.
AMA	Altıkat S Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. . 2013; 55 - 61.
Vancouver	Altıkat S Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. . 2013; 55 - 61.
IEEE	Altıkat S "Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations." , ss.55 - 61, 2013.
ISNAD	Altıkat, Sefa. "Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations". (2013), 55-61.

APA	Altıkat S (2013). Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 55 - 61.
Chicago	Altıkat Sefa Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 30, no.2 (2013): 55 - 61.
MLA	Altıkat Sefa Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.30, no.2, 2013, ss.55 - 61.
AMA	Altıkat S Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013; 30(2): 55 - 61.
Vancouver	Altıkat S Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013; 30(2): 55 - 61.
IEEE	Altıkat S "Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations." Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 30, ss.55 - 61, 2013.
ISNAD	Altıkat, Sefa. "Effects of aggregate size and compaction level on CO2-C fluxes and microbial populations". Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 30/2 (2013), 55-61.