Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi
Yıl: 2014 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 228 - 236 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi
Öz: Ambliyopi çocuklarda tek taraflı görme kaybının en sık nedenidir. Okul çağı çocuklarında neden anizometropi, okul öncesinde ise şaşılıktır. Ambliyopi; kritik dönemde şekilli görme yoksunluğu ya da anormal binoküler etkileşime bağlı olarak ortaya çıkar. Bir gözdeki görme keskinliği diğerinden az ise ve bu tabloya neden olabilecek kırma kusuru farklılığı, şaşılık ya da öyküsü varsa ambliyopi tanısı düşünülmelidir. Refraktif düzeltme, kapama ve penalizasyon başta gelen tedavi modaliteleridir. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 228-36)
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Amblyopia and Treatment
Öz: The most common cause of unilateral visual impairment in children is amblyopia. Anisometropia is the major cause in school-age and strabismus is in pre-school period. Amblyopia occurs from visual deprivation in the critical period or abnormal binocular interaction. If visual acuity in one eye is less than the other and if there are differences in refractive error, strabismus or strabismus history, diagnosis of amblyopia should be considered. Refractive correction, patching, and penalization are overriding treatment modalities. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 228-36)
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Von Noorden GK, Campos EC. Examination of the Patient 4:Amblyopia. In: Lampert R, Cox K, Burke D, eds. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. 6th ed. United States of America; Mosby Harcourt; 2002:246-87.
- Kanski JJ. Şaşılık: Şaşılığın Fonksiyonel Sonuçları. In:Kanski JJ, eds. Klinik Oftalmoloji. 4th ed. İstanbul Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd Şti; 2001:518-21.
- Atilla H. Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. Türkiye Klinikleri Oftalmoloji-özel sayısı, 2010;3:1-8.
- Faghihi M, Ostadimoghaddam H, Yekta AA, Amblyopia and strabismus in Iranian schoolchildren, Mashhad. Strabismus. 2011;19:147-52.
- Yekta A, Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, et al. The prevalence of anisometropia, amblyopia and strabismus in schoolchildren of Shiraz, Iran, Strabismus. 2010;18:104-10.
- Polling JR, Loudon SE, Klaver CC, Prevalence of amblyopia and refractive errors in an unscreened population of children, Optom Vis Sci. 2012;89:44-9.
- Pai AS, Rose KA, Leone JF, et al. Amblyopia prevalence and risk factors in Australian preschool children. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:138-44.
- Birch EE, Holmes JM. The clinical profile of amblyopia in children younger than 3 years of age. J AAPOS. 2010;14:494-7.
- Wang Y, Liang YB, Sun LP, et al. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in a rural adult population of Chinese the Handan Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:279-83.
- Caca I, Cingu AK, Sahin A, et al. Amblyopia and refractive errors among school-aged children with low socioeconomic status in southeastern Turkey. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013;50:37-43.
- Erdem Ü, Mutlu FM, Tatar K, Altınsoy Hİ. Investigation of the prevelance and causes of amblyopia in prescholl children. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2004;3:202-12.
- Demirel S, Gündüz A, Duman BŞ, Fırat P, Bakır S, Yakıncı C. Strabismus Prevalence in Primary Schools Children in Malatya. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2012;2:39-41.
- Turaçlı EM, Aktan G, Dürük K. Ankara bölesinde farklı bölelerde ana ve ilkokullarda göz taraması sonuçları. T Oft Gaz. 1995;25:3-8.
- Toygar O, Öğüt MS, Kozakoğlu H. İstanbulda ilköğretim çağı çocuklarında yapılan göz taraması sonuçları. T Oft Gaz. 2003;33:585-91.
- Ganong WF. Görme. In: Ganong WF eds. Tıbbi Fizyoloji. 20th ed. İstanbul; Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd Şti; 2001:144-65.
- Ikeda H. Visual acuity, its development and amblyopia, Journal ofthe Royal Society of Medicine. 1980;73:546-55.
- Grigg J, Thomas R, Billson F. Neuronal basis of amblyopia. Current Ophthalmology. 1996;44:69-76.
- ODwyer PA, Akova YA. Pediatrik Oftalmoloji ve Şaşılık: Pediatrik Oftalmoloji. In:ODwyer PA, eds. Temel Göz Hastalıkları. 2nd ed. Ankara; Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri; 2010:750-2.
- Habeeb SY, Arthur BW, ten Hove MW. The effect of neutral density filters on testing in patients with strabismic amblyopia. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012;47:348-50.
- Christoff A, Repka MX, Kaminski BM, Holmes JM; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Distance versus near visual acuity in amblyopia. J AAPOS. 2011;15:342-4.
- Yang GY, Liao M, Liu LQ. Contrast sensitivities of the fellow eyes in children with anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2010;41:652-5.
- Donahue SP, Wall M, KE,Kardon RH. Automated perimetry in amblyopia: a generalized depression. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:312-21.
- Bradley A, Dahlman C, Switkes E, De Valois K. A comparison of color and luminance discrimination in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986;27:1404-9.
- Wang X, Cui D, Zheng L, Yang X, Yang H, Zeng J. Combination of blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potential recordings for abnormal visual cortex in two types of amblyopia. Mol Vis. 2012;18:909-19.
- Duranoglu Y. Optic nerve head topographic analysis and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie). 2007;39:291-5.
- Aguirre F, Mengual E, Hueso JR, Moya M. Comparison of normal and amblyopic retinas by optical coherence tomography in children. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2010;20:410-8.
- Ersan I, Zengin N, Bozkurt B, Ozkagnici A. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013;50:113-7.
- Xu J, Lu F, Liu W, Zhang F, Chen W, Chen J. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and macular thickness in patients with esotropic amblyopia. Clin Exp Optom. 2013;96:267-71.
- Moghaddam AA, Kargozar A, Zarei-Ghanavati M, Najjaran M, NozariShakeri MT. Screening for amblyopia risk factors in pre-verbal children using the Plusoptix photoscreener: a cross-sectional population-based study, BrOphthalmol. 2012;96:83-6.
- Doshi NR, Rodriquez ML. Amblyopia. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75:361-7.
- Eibschitz-Tsimhoni M, Friedman T, Naor J, Eibschitz N, Friedman Z. Early screening for amblyogenic risk factors lowers the prevalence and severityamblyopia, J AAPOS. 2000;4:194-9.
- Cotter SA, Edwards AR, Wallace DK, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of Anisometropic Amblyopia in Children with Refractive Correction Ophthalmology. 2006;113:895-903.
- Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, Cotter SA, Foster NC, Holmes JM, et al. Optical treatment of strabismic and combined strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:150-8.
- Cotter SA, Edwards AR, Arnold RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of Strabismic Amblyopia with Refractive Correction. AmOphthalmol. 2007;143:1060-3.
- Wallace D, Chandler DL, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of Bilateral Refractive Amblyopia in Children 3 to _____10 Years Old. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:487-96.
- Roberts CJ, Adams GGW. Contact lenses in the management of high anisometropic amblyopia. Eye (Lond). 2002;16:577-9.
- Kulp MT, Foster NC, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Effect of ocular alignment on emmetropization in children _____10 years with amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154:297-302.
- Wallace DK, Edwards AR, Cotter SA, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, A Randomized Trial to Evaluate Two Hours of Daily PatchingAmblyopia in Children. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:904-12.
- Repka MX, Beck RW, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Randomized Trial of Patching Regimens for Treatment of Moderate Amblyopia in Children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:603-11.
- Holmes JM, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Randomized Trial of Prescribed Patching Regimens for Treatment of Severe Amblyopia in Children. Ophthalmology. 2003:11;2075-87.
- Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Randomized Trial of Treatment of Amblyopia in Children Aged 717 Years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:437-47.
- Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine: Results from two randomized clinical trials. J AAPOS. 2009;13:258-63.
- Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Kraker RT, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Patching vs Atropine to Treat Amblyopia in Children Aged 7 toYears: A Randomized Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126:1634-42.
- Medghalchi AR, Dalili S. A Randomized Trial of Atropine vs PatchingTreatment of Moderate Amblyopia. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2011;13:578- 81.
- Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) Writing Committee, Wallace DK, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al. Randomized Trial to Evaluate Combined Patching and Atropine for Residual Amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129:960-2.
- Rashad MA. Pharmacological enhancement of treatment for amblyopia. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:409-16.
- Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Pilot Study of Levodopa Dosage as Treatment for Residual Amblyopia in Children 8 to _____18 Years Old. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128:1215-7.
- Or H, Yapay Görme. Yeni Görme Modaliteleri ve Nöroadaptasyon. TurkOphthalmol. 2012;42:61-5.
- Polat U, Ma-Naim T, Belkin M, Sagi D. Improving vision in adult amblyopia by perceptual learning. PNAS. 2004;101:6692-7.
- Gilven S, Uzunel D, Kose S, Uretmen Ö , Egrilmez S. Ambliyopi tedavisinde CAM görme uyaramnm etkinliği. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2007;37:149-55.
- Mehdorn E, Mattheus S, Schuppe A, Klein U, Kommerell G. Treatmentamblyopia with rotating gratings and subsequent occlusion: a controlled study. Int Ophthalmol. 1981;3:161-6.
- Birch EE, Cheng C, Stager DR Jr, Weakley DR Jr, Stager DR Sr. The critical period for surgical treatment of dense congenital bilateral cataracts. J AAPOS. 2009;13:67-71.
- Lin XM, Yan XH, Wang Z, et al. Long-term efficacy of excimer laser in itu keratomileusis in the management of children with high anisometropic amblyopia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009;122:813-7.
- Autrata R, Rehurek J. Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy and photorefractive keratectomy versus conventional treatment of myopic anisometropic amblyopia in children. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:74- 84.
- Agca A, Özgürhan EB, Baz Ö, et al. Laser in situ keratomileusis in adult patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013;6:362-9.
- Pirouzian A, Ip KC, OHalloran HS. Phakic anterior chamber intraocular ens (Verisyse) implantation in children for treatment of severe anisometropia myopia and amblyopia: Six-month pilot clinical trial and review of literatüre. Clinical Ophthalmolgy. 2009;3:367-71.
- Zhao J. Randomized controlled trial of patching vs acupuncture for anisometropic amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128:1510-7.
- Ivandic BT, Ivandıc T. Low-level laser therapy improves visual acuity in adolescent and adult patients with amblyopia, Photomed Laser Surg. 2012;30:167-71.
- Li RW, Ngo C, Nguyen J, Levi DM. Video-game play induces plasticity in the visual system of adults with amblyopia. PLoS Biol. 2011;9:e1001135.
- Roefs AM, Tjiam AM, Looman CW, et al. Comfort of wear and material properties of eye patches for amblyopia treatment and the influence on compliance. Strabismus. 2012;20:3-10.
- Hertle RW, Scheiman MM, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Stability of Visual Acuity Improvement Following Discontinuation of Amblyopia Treatment in Children 7 to 12 Years Old. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125:655-9.
- Carlton J, Kaltenthaler E. Amblyopia and quality of life: a systematic review. Eye (Lond). 2011;25:403-13.
| APA | KOÇAK G, DURANOĞLU Y (2014). Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. , 228 - 236. |
| Chicago | KOÇAK Gözde,DURANOĞLU Yaşar Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. (2014): 228 - 236. |
| MLA | KOÇAK Gözde,DURANOĞLU Yaşar Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. , 2014, ss.228 - 236. |
| AMA | KOÇAK G,DURANOĞLU Y Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. . 2014; 228 - 236. |
| Vancouver | KOÇAK G,DURANOĞLU Y Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. . 2014; 228 - 236. |
| IEEE | KOÇAK G,DURANOĞLU Y "Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi." , ss.228 - 236, 2014. |
| ISNAD | KOÇAK, Gözde - DURANOĞLU, Yaşar. "Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi". (2014), 228-236. |
| APA | KOÇAK G, DURANOĞLU Y (2014). Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, 44(3), 228 - 236. |
| Chicago | KOÇAK Gözde,DURANOĞLU Yaşar Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi 44, no.3 (2014): 228 - 236. |
| MLA | KOÇAK Gözde,DURANOĞLU Yaşar Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, vol.44, no.3, 2014, ss.228 - 236. |
| AMA | KOÇAK G,DURANOĞLU Y Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi. 2014; 44(3): 228 - 236. |
| Vancouver | KOÇAK G,DURANOĞLU Y Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi. 2014; 44(3): 228 - 236. |
| IEEE | KOÇAK G,DURANOĞLU Y "Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi." Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, 44, ss.228 - 236, 2014. |
| ISNAD | KOÇAK, Gözde - DURANOĞLU, Yaşar. "Ambliyopi ve Tedavisi". Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi 44/3 (2014), 228-236. |
