Yıl: 2015 Cilt: 49 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 10 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus

Öz:
Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus (GDM), gebelik sırasında sık karşılaşılan bir medikal durumdur. Gebeliksırasında ve sonrasında hem bebek, hem de anne için kısa ve uzun dönemli komplikasyonların riskindeartış ile ilişkilidir. GDM tanı ve tedavisinde uygulanacak yaklaşım ile ilgili olarak henüz uluslararasıbir fikir birliği oluşmamıştır. Taramanın genel mi yoksa yüksek riskli grupta mı yapılması gerektiği,tarama zamanı, uygulanacak test, değerlendirmede kullanılan eşik değerler ve tarama testinin bir yada iki basamaklı olarak uygulanması ile ilgili tartışmalar devam etmektedir. 2010 yılında UluslararasıDiyabetik Gebelik Çalışma Grupları Birliği tarafından (IADPSG), Hiperglisemi ve Gebelikte OlumsuzSonuçlar (HAPO) çalışma verileri ışığında, GDM için yeni tarama kriterleri önerilmiştir. Ancak, bukriterlerin daha fazla sayıda kadında GDM tanısı konulmasına ve tedavi masraflarında artışa nedenolacağı kaygısı nedeniyle yaygın kullanıma girip girmemesi konusunda diyabet ve jinekoloji dernekleriarasında tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu derleme, GDM tanısında önerilen yaklaşımlar ve tedaviyönetimi ile ilgili güncel bilgileri sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Cerrahi

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Öz:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent medical condition during pregnancy. It is known to be associated with increased risks of short and long-term complications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy and postpartum. There has been a lack of international uniformity in the approach to the screening and diagnosis of GDM. Controversies include universal versus selective screening, the optimal time for screening, appropriate tests and cut-off values and whether testing should be conducted in one or two steps. According to the data shown in The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study, The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) developed a new consensus criteria for screening and diagnosis of GDM. However, as it has been thought that this will lead to an increase in the number of women diagnosed and treated for GDM and increase the cost of the treatment, there is a controversy between the associations about the widespread usage of these criterias. This review presents the update data on screening and treatment approach for GDM.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Cerrahi
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Metzger BE, Buchanan TA, Coustan DR, de Leiva A, Dunger DB, Hadden DR, et al. Summary and recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2007;30 (Suppl.2):S251-60.
  • 2. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel, Metzger BE, Gabbe SG, Persson B, Buchanan TA, Catalano PA, et al. International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2010;33:676-82.
  • 3. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2014; 37(Suppl 1):S81-90.
  • 4. World Health Organisation. Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy. August2013. http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/Hyperglycemia_In_ Pregnancy/en/index.htlm
  • 5. Radaelli T, Varastehpour A, Catalano P, Hauguel-de Mouzaon S. Gestational diabetes induces placental genes for chronic stres and inflammatory pathways. Diabetes 2003;52.2951-58.
  • 6. Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Guerre-Millo M. The placenta cytokine network and inflammatory signals. Placenta 2006;27:794-98.
  • 7. Barbour LA, McCurdy CE, Hernandez TL, Kirwan JP, Catalano PM, Friedman JE. Cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30 (Suppl 2): S112-119.
  • 8. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus:US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2014;160:414-20.
  • 9. Abouzeid M, Versace VL, Janus ED, Davey MA, Philpot B, Oats J, et al. A population-based observational study of diabetes during pregnancy in Victoria, Australia, 1999-2008.BMJ Open 2014;4:e005394.
  • 10. Feig DS, Hwee J, Shah BR, Booth GL, Bierman AS, Lipscombe LL, et al. Trends in incidence of diabetes in pregnancy and serious perinatal outcomes:a large, population based study in Ontario, Canada.1996-2010. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1590-6.
  • 11. Kim SY, Saraiva C, Curtis M, Wilson HG, Tryan J, Sharma AJ. Fraction of gestational diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight and obesity by race/ethnicity, California, 2007-2009. Am J Public Health 2013;103:e65-72.
  • 12. Bardenheier BH, Elixhauser A, Imperatore G, Devlin HM, Kuklina EV, Geiss LS, et al. Variation in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among hospital discharges for obstetric delivery across 23 states in the United States. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1209-14.
  • 13. Guariguata L, Linnenkamp U, Beagley J, Whiting DR, Cho NH. Global estimates of the prevalence of hyperglyacemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;103:176-85.
  • 14. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, Trimble ER, Chaovarinar U, Coustan DR, et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1991-2002.
  • 15. Landon MB, Mele L, Spong CY, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, et al. The relationship between maternal glycemia and perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:218-24.
  • 16. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes:a systematic review and meta- analysis. Lancet 2009;373:1773-9.
  • 17. Gundersen EP, Chiang V, Pletscher MJ, Jacobs DR, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S, et al. History of gestational diabetes mellitus and future risk of atherosclerosis in mid-life: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. J Am Heart Assoc
  • 2014;3:e000490. 18. Yogev Y, Xenakis EM, Langer O. The association between preeclampsia and the severity of gestational diabetes: the impact of glycemic of glycemic control. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:1655-60.
  • 19. Ehrenberg HM, Durnwald CP, Catalano P, Mercer BM. The influence of obesity and diabetes on the risk of cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:969-74.
  • 20. Lauenborg J, Hansen T, Jensen DM, Vestergaard H, Mølsted- Pederson L, Homnes P, et al. Increasing incidence of diabetes after gestational diabetes: a long-term follow-up in a Danish population. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1194-9.
  • 21. Bian X, Gao P, Xiong X, Xu H, Qian M, Liu S. Risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J(Engl) 2000;113:759-62
  • 22. Mitanchez D. Fetal and neonatal complications in gestational diabetes: perinatal mortality, congenital malformations, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, neonatal complications. Diabetes Metab 2010;36:617-27.
  • 23. Alberico S, Montico M, Barresi V, Monasta L, Businelli C, Soini V, et al. The role of gestational diabetes, pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on the risk of newborn macrosomia:results from a prospective multicentre study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014;14:23.
  • 24. Boney CM, Verma A, Tucker R, Vohr BR. Metabolic syndrome in childhood:association with birth weight, maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 2005;115:e290-6.
  • 25. Rizzo T, Metzger BE, Burns WJ, Burns K. Correlations between antepartum maternal metabolism and child intelligence. N Engl J Med 1991;325:911-6.
  • 26. Langer O. Obesity or diabetes:which is more hazardous to the healthof the offspring? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015:1-5.
  • 27. West NA, Kechris K, Dabelea D. Exposure to maternal diabetes in utero and DNA methylation patterns in the offspring. Immunometabolism 2013;1:1-9.
  • 28. Ruchat SM, Houde AA, Voisin G, St-Pierre J, Perron P, Baillargeon JP, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus epigenetically affects genes predominantly involved in metabolic diseases. Epigenetics 2013;8:935-43.
  • 29. Claesson R, Aberg A, Marsal K. Abnormal fetal growth is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus later in life: population-based register study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007;86:652-6.
  • 30. Kim C, Liu T, Valdez R, Beckles GL. Does frank diabetes in first- degree relatives of a pregnant woman affect the likelihood of her developing gestational diabetes mellitus or nongestational diabetes? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:576.e.1-6.
  • 31. Hedderson MM, Gunderson EP, Ferrara A. Gestational weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:597-604.
  • 32. Gibson KS, Waters TP, Catalano PM. Maternal weight gain in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:560-5.
  • 33. Ashwal E, Hod M. Gestational diabetes mellitus:Where are we now? Clinica Chimica Acta 2015;http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. cca.2015.01.021
  • 34. Blumer I, Hadar E, Hadden DR, Jovanovič L, Mestman JH, Murad MH, et al. Diabetes and pregnancy:an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. JCEM 2013;98:4227-49.
  • 35. American Diabetes Association- Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2011. Diabetes Care 2011; 34(Suppl 1):S11-61.
  • 36. Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. Practice Bulletin No.137: Gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:406-16.
  • 37. Carpenter MW, Couston DR. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:768.
  • 38. Oats JJ. Fourth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Overview and commentary on first session. Diabetes Care 1998;21(Suppl2):B58-9.
  • 39. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care
  • 2000;23(Suppl1):S4. 40. Sacks DA, Hadden DR, Maresh M, Deerochanawong C, Dyer AR, Metzger BE, et al. Frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus at collaborating centers based on IADPSG consensus panel recommended criteria: the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. Diabetes Care 2012;35:526- 8.
  • 41. O’Sullivan JB, Mahan CM. Criteria for the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy. Diabetes 1964;13:278-85.
  • 42. Poolsup N, Suksomboon N, Amin M. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systemic review and metaanalysis. PLoS One 2014;9:e92485.
  • 43. Vandorsten JP, Dodson WC, Espeland MA, Grobman WA, Guise JM, Mercer BM, et al. NIH consensus development conference:diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus.NIH Consens State Sci Statements 2013;29:1-31.
  • 44. American Diabetes Association- Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2015. Diabetes Care 2015;38(Suppl1):S1-93.
  • 45. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği, Diyabetes mellitus ve komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem kılavuzu-2013:27
  • 46. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, McPhee AJ, Jeffries WS, Robinson JS, et al. Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnancy Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2477-86.
  • 47. Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, et al. A multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1339-48.
  • 48. Hartling L, Dryden DM, Guthrie A, Muise M, Vandermeer B, Donovan L, et al. Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: a systemic review and metaanalysis fort he U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical applications of research. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:123-9.
  • 49. American Diabetes Association, Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes:a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008;31(Suppl 1):S61-78.
  • 50. Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA, Brunzell JD, Chiasson JL, Gang A, et al. Nutrition principles and recommendations in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(Suppl 1):S36-46.
  • 51. Schneider SH, Ruderman NB. Exercise and NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1993;16:54.
  • 52. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes:the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association:joint position statement. Diabetes Care 2010;33:e147-67.
  • 53. Kjos SL, Schaefer-Graf UM. Modified therapy for gestational diabetes using high-risk and low-risk fetal abdominal circumference growth to select strict versus relaxed maternal glycemic targets. Diabetes Care 2007;30(Suppl 2):S200-5.
  • 54. Mathiesen ER, Hod M, Ivanisevic M, Duran Garcia S, Brønsted L, Jovanovic L, et al. Maternal efficacy and safety outcomes: a randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin in 310 pregnant woman with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2012-7.
  • 55. Price N, Barlett C, Gillmer M. Use of insulin glargine during pregnancy:a case-control pilot study.BJOG 2007;114:453-7.
  • 56. Nachum Z, Ben-Shlomo I, Weiner E, Shalev E. Twice daily versus four times daily insulin dose regimens for diabetes in pregnacy:randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1999;319:1223-7.
  • 57. Pollex EK, Feig DS, Koren G. Oral hypoglycemic therapy:understanding the mechanisms of transplacental transfer. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23:224-8.
  • 58. Berggren EK, Boggess KA. Oral agents for the management of gestational diabetes. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2013;56:827-36.
  • 59. Ryu RJ, Hays KE, Hebert MF.Gestational diabetes mellitus management with oral hypoglycemic agents. Semin Perinatol 2014;38:508-15.
  • 60. Conway DL, Gonzales O, Skiver D.Use of glyburide for the treatment of gestational diabetes: the San Anthonio experience. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004;15:51-5.
  • 61. Rosenn BM. The glyburide report card. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23:219-23.
  • 62. Zeng YC, Li MJ, Chen Y, Jiang L, Wang SM, Mo XL, et al. The use of glyburide in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Adv Med Sci 2014;59:95-101.
  • 63. Gui J, Liu Q, Feng L. Metformin vs insulin in the management of gestational diabetes:a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013;8:e64585.
  • 64. Hellmuth E, Damm P, Molsted-Pedersen L. Oral hypoglycemic agents in 118 diabetic pregnancies. Diabet Med 2000;17:507- 11.
  • 65. de Valk HW, Visser GH. Insulin during pregnancy, labour and delivery. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011,25:65-76. 66. Coustan DR. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 2013;59:1310-21.
APA ÖZTÜRK YENER F, ALTUNTAŞ Y (2015). Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. , 1 - 10.
Chicago ÖZTÜRK YENER Feyza,ALTUNTAŞ Yüksel Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. (2015): 1 - 10.
MLA ÖZTÜRK YENER Feyza,ALTUNTAŞ Yüksel Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. , 2015, ss.1 - 10.
AMA ÖZTÜRK YENER F,ALTUNTAŞ Y Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. . 2015; 1 - 10.
Vancouver ÖZTÜRK YENER F,ALTUNTAŞ Y Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. . 2015; 1 - 10.
IEEE ÖZTÜRK YENER F,ALTUNTAŞ Y "Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus." , ss.1 - 10, 2015.
ISNAD ÖZTÜRK YENER, Feyza - ALTUNTAŞ, Yüksel. "Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus". (2015), 1-10.
APA ÖZTÜRK YENER F, ALTUNTAŞ Y (2015). Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 49(1), 1 - 10.
Chicago ÖZTÜRK YENER Feyza,ALTUNTAŞ Yüksel Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni 49, no.1 (2015): 1 - 10.
MLA ÖZTÜRK YENER Feyza,ALTUNTAŞ Yüksel Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, vol.49, no.1, 2015, ss.1 - 10.
AMA ÖZTÜRK YENER F,ALTUNTAŞ Y Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni. 2015; 49(1): 1 - 10.
Vancouver ÖZTÜRK YENER F,ALTUNTAŞ Y Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni. 2015; 49(1): 1 - 10.
IEEE ÖZTÜRK YENER F,ALTUNTAŞ Y "Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus." Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 49, ss.1 - 10, 2015.
ISNAD ÖZTÜRK YENER, Feyza - ALTUNTAŞ, Yüksel. "Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus". Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni 49/1 (2015), 1-10.