Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri

ÜSTÜN, Osman

Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri

Osman ÜSTÜN (Gazi Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)

Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi

23 3

Yıl: 2011 Cilt: 68 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 223 - 240 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri

Öz:

Makrofunguslar klorofil içermeyen, Fungi aleminde bulunan Basidiomycetes ve Ascomycetes sınıflarında yer alan canlılardır. Ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen ve kültürü yapılan makrofunguslar gıda olarak tüketilmektedir. Yabani makrofunguslar orman köylülerinin başlıca geçim kaynağını oluşturmakta ve ülkemize de döviz girdisi sağlamaktadır. Makrofungusların yapısında su, protein, yağ ve karbohidrat gibi bileşenler bulunmaktadır. Fruktifikasyon organları % 80-95 oranında su içermektedir. En yüksek protein ve yağ içeriğine sahip olanlar Agaricus türleridir. Boletus edulis türü ise en yüksek oranda karbohidrat içermektedir. Makrofungusların geneline bakıldığında % 40ın üzerinde karbohidrat ve % 20-40 arasında değişen oranda protein içerdikleri, buna rağmen yağ içeriklerinin % 8lerin altında kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Makrofungusların içerdikleri aminoasitler arasında en yüksek orana sahip olanlar glütamin, asparajin ve metiyonindir. Makrofunguslarda doymamış yağ asidi oranı doymuş yağ asidi oranına göre yüksek miktardadır. Linoleik, oleik ve palmitik asit en yüksek oranda içerdikleri yağ asitleridir. İnsan metabolizması için gerekli olan tiamin, riboflavin ve niasin gibi vitaminler de bileşimlerinde bulunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda makrofunguslar antioksidan etkiye sahip flavonoit, askorbik asit, β-karoten ve likopen yapısındaki maddeleri de içermektedir. Makrofunguslardan izole edilen etkili maddeler arasında β-glukanlar, ergon, ganoderik asit vb. bulunmaktadır. Besin değerlerinin yanı sıra makrofunguslar antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antikanserojen ve immünostimülan gibi biyolojik etkilere sahiptirler. Yabani makrofunguslar kültüre alınmalı, bunlardan izole edilecek aktif bileşiklerin standardizasyonları sağlanmalıdır. Geniş bir biyolojik aktivite yelpazesine sahip olan makrofungusların günümüzde kullanılan ilaçlara alternatif olmaları için de aktivite çalışmalarının yoğunlaştırılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Biyoloji

Nutritional value and biological effects of macrofungi

Öz:

Macrofungi, no chlorophyll containing, belong to Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes classes in the kingdom of Fungi. Naturally grown and cultured macrofungi are consumed as a food source in our country. Wild macrofungi are a major source of living for forest loggers and thus brings income to the country as an export item. The content of macrofungi include water, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate etc. Their fructification organs contain 80-95% water. Agaricus species has the highest protein and lipid content. Boletus edulis species has the highest carbonhydrate content. It has been demonstrated that macrofungi, overall, have contain more than 40% carbonhydrate, between 20% and 40% protein, but less than 8% lipid. In terms of aminoacids in macrofungi, glutamine, asparagine, and methionine are found to be the highest ones. In macrofungi, unsaturated fatty acid ratio is higher than saturated fatty acid ratio. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid are the highest ones. Macrofungi are also rich for essential vitamins for human metabolisms, including thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. Macrofungi have also contained antioxidant flavonoid, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and lycopene. Other effective substances obtained from macrofungi include β-glucans, ergon, ganoderic acid, etc. In addition to the nutritional benefits, it has been shown that macrofungi have also antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunostimulant activities. Given the fact that macrofungi have wide spectrum of biological effects, increasing efforts on culturing wild grown macrofungi and isolation and standardization of active substances of the macrofungi are needed in order to create alternatives to drugs used today.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Biyoloji

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	ÜSTÜN O (2011). Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. , 223 - 240.
Chicago	ÜSTÜN Osman Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. (2011): 223 - 240.
MLA	ÜSTÜN Osman Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. , 2011, ss.223 - 240.
AMA	ÜSTÜN O Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. . 2011; 223 - 240.
Vancouver	ÜSTÜN O Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. . 2011; 223 - 240.
IEEE	ÜSTÜN O "Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri." , ss.223 - 240, 2011.
ISNAD	ÜSTÜN, Osman. "Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri". (2011), 223-240.

APA	ÜSTÜN O (2011). Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 68(4), 223 - 240.
Chicago	ÜSTÜN Osman Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 68, no.4 (2011): 223 - 240.
MLA	ÜSTÜN Osman Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol.68, no.4, 2011, ss.223 - 240.
AMA	ÜSTÜN O Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2011; 68(4): 223 - 240.
Vancouver	ÜSTÜN O Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2011; 68(4): 223 - 240.
IEEE	ÜSTÜN O "Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri." Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 68, ss.223 - 240, 2011.
ISNAD	ÜSTÜN, Osman. "Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri". Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 68/4 (2011), 223-240.