Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi

ŞEKEROĞLU, Vedat; ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU, Zülal

Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi

Vedat ŞEKEROĞLU, (Ordu Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ordu, Türkiye)

Zülal ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU (Ordu Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ordu, Türkiye)

Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi

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Yıl: 2011 Cilt: 68 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 241 - 252 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi

Öz:

Bu derlemenin amacı hücrelerdeki genetik hasarın indirekt göstergesi olarak değerlendirilen mikronükleus (MN) tekniği hakkında bilgi vermektir. MNler hücrenin mitoz bölünmesi sırasında ortaya çıkan, esas çekirdeğe dahil olmayan, tam kromozom veya asentrik kromozom fragmentlerinden köken alan oluşumlardır ve MN sayısındaki artış, somatik hücrelerdeki genomik kararsızlığın göstergesidir. MN testi, fiziksel ve kimyasal ajanların hücrelerde oluşturduğu genotoksik etkinin belirlenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir testtir. Bu test mitoz bölünme ile oluşan hemen hemen tüm hücre tipleri üzerinde in vitro ve in vivo olarak uygulanabilmektedir ve kromozom anormallikleri testine göre daha kolay ve daha hızlı bir uygulamaya sahiptir. Kültürde bir kez bölünmesini tamamlamış binükleat hücrelerde MN frekansını saptayan ve sitokalasin-B ile sitokinezin bloklanmasına dayanan metodun gelişmesi ile MN testinin güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği artmıştır. MN testi aynı zamanda, in vitro çalışmalarda nükleer bölünme indeksi, in vivo çalışmalarda ise polikromatik eritrositler ile normokromatik eritrositler arasındaki oran kullanılarak sitotoksisitenin tahmin edilmesini de sağlamaktadır. İnsan ve diğer türler çevrelerinde bulunan çok sayıda farklı kimyasal ve fiziksel etkenlere maruz kalmaktadır ve bu nedenle kimyasal ve fiziksel faktörlerin potansiyel riskleri ve olumsuz etkilerini değerlendiren genotoksisite çalışmaları gittikçe artan bir şekilde önem kazanmaktadır. MN testi; fiziksel etkenlerin, ilaçların, çevresel kirleticiler ve gıda katkı maddeleri gibi günlük yaşamda sıklıkla maruz kaldığımız her türlü kimyasal maddenin genotoksik ve kanserojenik potansiyellerinin ve güvenilirliliklerinin araştırılmasını, kanser riskinin tahmin edilmesini ve kanserin izlenmesini sağlayan oldukça kullanışlı bir biyoizlem testidir. Basitliği, güvenirliliği, geçerliliği ve farklı hücre tiplerine uygulanabilirliği gibi avantajlara sahip olması nedeniyle yıllardır kullanılmakta olan MN testinin, gelecekte de mutajenitenin belirlenmesi ve önlenmesinde önemli bir rolü olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Biyoloji

Micronucleus test for determining genotoxic damage

Öz:

The aim of this review is to give information about the principles and applications of the micronucleus (MN) technique which is considered to be an indirect indication for genetic damage in cells. Micronuclei are formed during the mitosis which does not integrate in main nucleus. They may arise from a whole lagging chromosome or an acentric chromosome fragment and, an increase of MN frequency indicates of genomic instability. MN test is commonly used to determine the genotoxic effect of chemical and physical agents on somatic cells. It is applied to substantially all types of cells reproducing by mitosis as in vitro and in vivo and it is easier and faster to perform than the chromosome aberration assay. With the development of the in vitro cytochalasin-B block method to detect MN frequency in binuclear cells which divided once in culture, its reliability and validity have increased. At the same time the test enables estimation of cytotoxicity using frequency of nuclear division index in in vitro or the ratio between polychromatic erythrocytes and normochromatic erythrocytes in in vivo. Human and other species are exposed to a large number of different chemical and phsylogical factors in their environment and therefore the genotoxic studies about the adverse effects and potential risk of the factors, gain ground exponentially. MN test is a practical bio-monitoring test that provides to investigate of genotoxic and carcinogenic potentials and reliability of physical agents, drugs, all types of chemical we are exposed to every day such as pollutants, food

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Biyoloji

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	ŞEKEROĞLU V, ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z (2011). Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. , 241 - 252.
Chicago	ŞEKEROĞLU Vedat,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Zülal Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. (2011): 241 - 252.
MLA	ŞEKEROĞLU Vedat,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Zülal Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. , 2011, ss.241 - 252.
AMA	ŞEKEROĞLU V,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. . 2011; 241 - 252.
Vancouver	ŞEKEROĞLU V,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. . 2011; 241 - 252.
IEEE	ŞEKEROĞLU V,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z "Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi." , ss.241 - 252, 2011.
ISNAD	ŞEKEROĞLU, Vedat - ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU, Zülal. "Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi". (2011), 241-252.

APA	ŞEKEROĞLU V, ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z (2011). Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 68(4), 241 - 252.
Chicago	ŞEKEROĞLU Vedat,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Zülal Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 68, no.4 (2011): 241 - 252.
MLA	ŞEKEROĞLU Vedat,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Zülal Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol.68, no.4, 2011, ss.241 - 252.
AMA	ŞEKEROĞLU V,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2011; 68(4): 241 - 252.
Vancouver	ŞEKEROĞLU V,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2011; 68(4): 241 - 252.
IEEE	ŞEKEROĞLU V,ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU Z "Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi." Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 68, ss.241 - 252, 2011.
ISNAD	ŞEKEROĞLU, Vedat - ATLI-ŞEKEROĞLU, Zülal. "Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi". Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 68/4 (2011), 241-252.