The traditional view concerning the composition of labour courts tendsto guarantee the independence and impartiality of courts. A similar conceptionleads to a restrictive approach towards arbitration and other alternative modesof resolution of labour litigation, due to the need to protect the worker. However, this restrictive approach tends to be abandoned, faced with an increasingnumber of files and workload touching in particular the labour chambers of theCourt of Cassation. Therefore, alternative modes of resolution are studied anddiscussed, in view to improve the administration of Justice. On the other hand,collective interest disputes are of a different nature, and traditionally submittedto more diversified ways of solution, such as mediation and compulsory arbitration in some cases. At this regard, the important function given to trade unions,characterize the Turkish industrial relations system.