Male Breast Cancer
Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 8 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Male Breast Cancer
Öz: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses worldwide. Although breast carcinomas share certain characteristics in both genders, there are notable differences. Most studies on men with breast cancer are very small. Thus, most data on male breast cancer are derived from studies on females. However, when a number of these small studies are grouped together, we can learn more from them. This review emphasizes the incidence, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, pathology, survival, and prognostic factors related to MBC.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Giardano SH. A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist 2005; 10:471-479. (PMID: 16079314) [CrossRef]
- 2. Crew KD, Neugut AI, Wang X, Jacobson JS, Grann VR, Raptis G, Hershman DL. Racial disparities in treatment and survival of male breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:1089-1098. (PMID: 17369572) [CrossRef]
- 3. National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/browse_csr.php?sectionSEL=4&pa geSEL=sect_04_table.05.html.
- 4. Sasco AJ, Lowenfels AB, Pasker-de Jong P. Review article: epidemiology of male breast cancer. A meta-analysis of published case-control studies and discussion of selected aetiological factors. Int J Cancer 1993;53: 538-549. (PMID:8436428) [CrossRef]
- 5. Brinton LA, Richesson DA, Gierach GL, Lacey JV, Park Y, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A. Prospective evaluation of risk factors for male breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100:1477-1481. (PMID: 18840816) [CrossRef]
- 6. International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012. Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/pages/online.aspx
- 7. Cutuli B, Lacroze M, Dilhuydy JM, Velten M, De Lafontan B, Marchal C, Resbeut M, Graic Y, Campana F, Moncho-Bernier V. Male breast cancer: results of the treatments and prognostic factors in 397 cases. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A: 1960-1964. (PMID: 8562148) [CrossRef]
- 8. Cutuli B, Le-Nir CC, Serin D, Kirova Y, Gaci Z, Lemanski C, De Lafontan B, Zoubir M, Maingon P, Mignotte H, de Lara CT, Edeline J, Penault-Llorca F, Romestaing P, Delva C, Comet B, Belkacemi Y. Male breast cancer. Evolution of treatment and prognostic factors. Analysis of 489 cases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 73:246-254. (PMID: 19442535) [CrossRef]
- 9. Oger AS, Boukerrou M, Cutuli B, Campion L, Rousseau E, Bussières E, Raro P, Classe JM. Male breast cancer: prognostic factors, diagnosis and treatment: a multi-institutional survey of 95 cases. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2015; 43:290-296. (PMID: 25818033) [CrossRef]
- 10. Fentiman IS, Fourquet A, Hortobagyi GN. Male breast cancer. Lancet 2006; 367:595-604. (PMID: 16488803). [CrossRef]
- 11. Weiss JR, Moysich KB, Swede H. Epidemiology of male breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:20-26. (PMID:15668471)
- 12. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Public-use data (19931997). Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch; 2000.
- 13. Waterhouse J, Muir C, Correa P, Powell JR, eds. Cancer incidence in five continents, vol 3. IARC Sci Publ 1976; 15.
- 14. Mabuchi K, Bross DS, Kessler II. Risk factors for male breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985; 74: 371-375. (PMID: 3856050)
- 15. Steinitz R, Katz L, Ben-Hur M. Male breast cancer in Israel: selected epidemiologic aspects. J Med Sci 1981; 17: 816-821. (PMID:7309466)
- 16. Atalay C, Kanlioz M, Altinok M. Prognostic factors affecting survival in male breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2003; 22:29-33. (PMID: 12725319)
- 17. Koç M, Polat P. Epidemiology and aetiological factors of male breast cancer: a ten years retrospective study in eastern Turkey. Eur J Cancer Prev 2001; 10:531-534. (PMID: 11916352) [CrossRef]
- 18. Wasielewski M, den Bakker MA, van den Ouweland A, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Portengen H, Klijn JG, Meijers-Heijboer H, Foekens JA, Schutte M. CHEK2 1100delC and male breast cancer in the Netherlands. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 116:397-400. (PMID: 18759107) [CrossRef]
- 19. Ewertz M, Holmberg L, Tretli S, Pedersen BV, Kristensen A. Risk factors for male breast cancer - a case-control study from Scandinavia. Acta Oncol 2001: 40: 467-471. (PMID: 11504305) [CrossRef]
- 20. Agrawal A, Ayantunde A, Rampaul R, Robertson JFR. Male breast cancer: a review of clinical management. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 103:11-21. (PMID: 17033919) [CrossRef]
- 21. Auvinen A, Curtis RE, Ron E. Risk of subsequent cancer following breast cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94:1330-1332. (PMID: 12208898) [CrossRef]
- 22. Salehi A, Zeraati H, Mohammad K, Mahmoudi M, Talei AR, Ghaderi A, Imanieh MH, Fotouhi A. Survival of male breast cancer in Fars, South of Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13: 99-105. (PMID: 22737442)
- 23. Tawil AN, Boulos FI, Chakhachiro ZI, Otrock ZK, Kandaharian L, El Saghir NS, Abi Saad GS. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of male breast cancer: a single center experience. Breast J 2012; 18: 65-68. (PMID: 22017630) [CrossRef]
- 24. Harnden DG, Maclean N, Langlands AO. Carcinoma of the breast and Klinefelters syndrome. J Med Genet 1971; 8:460-461. (PMID: 4337761) [CrossRef]
- 25. Hultborn R, Hanson C, Kopf I,Verbiené I, Warnhammar E, Weimarck A. Prevalence of Klinefelters syndrome in male breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res 1997; 17:4293-4297. (PMID: 9494523)
- 26. Martin AM, Weber BL. Genetic and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:1126-1135. (PMID: 10904085) [CrossRef]
- 27. Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 678-687. (PMID: 12379069) [CrossRef]
- 28. Lynch HT, Watson P, Narod SA. The genetic Epidemiology of male breast carcinoma. Cancer 1999; 86:744-746. (PMID: 10463967) [CrossRef]
- 29. Brinton LA, Carreon JD, Gierach GL, McGlynn KA, Gridley G. Etiologic factors for male breast cancer in the US Veterans Affairs medical care system database. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 119:185-192. (PMID: 19330525) [CrossRef]
- 30. Gonzalez KD, Noltner KA, Buzin CH, Gu D, Wen-Fong CY, Nguyen VQ, Han JH, Lowstuter K, Longmate J, Sommer SS, Weitzel JN. Beyond Li Fraumeni Syndrome: clinical characteristics of families with p53 germline mutations. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1250-1256. (PMID: 19204208) [CrossRef]
- 31.. Meijers-Heijboer H, van den Ouweland A, Klijn J, Wasielewski M, de Snoo A, Oldenburg R, Hollestelle A, Houben M, Crepin E, van VeghelPlandsoen M, Elstrodt F, van Duijn C, Bartels C, Meijers C, Schutte M, McGuffog L, Thompson D, Easton D, Sodha N, Seal S, Barfoot R, Mangion J, Chang-Claude J, Eccles D, Eeles R, Evans DG, Houlston R, Murday V, Narod S, Peretz T, Peto J, Phelan C, Zhang HX, Szabo C, Devilee P, Goldgar D, Futreal PA, Nathanson KL, Weber B, Rahman N, Stratton MR; CHEK2-Breast Cancer Consortium. Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2 (*) 1100delC in non-carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Nat Genet 2002; 31:55-59. (PMID: 11967536) [CrossRef]
- 32. Medras M, Filus A, Jozkow P,Winowski J, Sicinska-Werner T. Breast cancer and long-term hormonal treatment of male hypogonadism. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 96:263-265. (PMID: 16418796) [CrossRef]
- 33. Altinli E, Gorgun E, Karabicak I, Uras C, Unal H, Akcal T. Anthropometric measurements in male breast cancer. Obesity surgery 2002; 12:869-870. (PMID: 12568197) [CrossRef]
- 34. Casagrande JT, Hanisch R, Pike MC, Ross RK, Brown JB, Henderson BE. A case-control study of male breast cancer. Cancer Res 1988; 48:1326-1330. (PMID: 3342411)
- 35. Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Cocco P, Co Chien HT, Fraumeni JF Jr. Risk factors for male breast cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1998; 93: 269-275. (PMID: 9684707) [CrossRef]
- 36. Thellenberg C, Malmer B, Tavelin B, Grönberg H. Second primary cancers in men with prostate cancer: an increased risk of male breast cancer. J Urol 2003; 169: 1345-1348. (PMID: 12629357) [CrossRef]
- 37. Lee UJ, Jones JS. Incidence of prostate cancer in male breast cancer patients: a risk factor for prostate cancer screening. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2008; 12:52-56. (PMID: 18504455) [CrossRef]
- 38. Terris MK, McCallum SW. Re: Aromatase Inhibitors for Male Infertility. J Urol. 2002; 168:1509. (PMID: 12352445) [CrossRef]
- 39. Grenader T, Goldberg A, Shavit L. Second cancers in patients with male breast cancer: a literature review. Journal of Cancer Survivorship. 2008; 2:73-78. (PMID: 18648975) [CrossRef]
- 40. Lowe T, Luu T, Shen J, Bhatia S, Shibata S, Stein A, Somlo G. Male breast cancer 15 years after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation including total body irradiation for recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Onkologie. 2008; 31:266-269. (PMID: 18497517) [CrossRef]
- 41. Unek IT, Alacacioglu A, Tarhan O, Sevinc AI, Oztop I, Sagol O, Canda T, Obuz F, Balci P, Yilmaz U.Synchronous appearance of male breast cancer and pancreatic cancer 15 years after the diagnosis of testicular cancer- -report of a case. J BUON 2008; 13:421-424. (PMID: 18979560)
- 42. Rosenbaum PF, Vena JE, Zielezny MA Michalek AM. Occupational exposures associated with male breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139:30-36. (PMID: 8296772)
- 43. Hansen J. Elevated risk for male breast cancer after occupational exposure to gasoline and vehicular combustion products. Am J Ind Med 2000; 37:349-352. (PMID: 10706746) [CrossRef]
- 44. Palli D, Masala G, Mariani-Costantini R,Zanna I, Saieva C, Sera F, Decarli A, Ottini L. A gene-environment interaction between occupation and BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in male breast cancer? Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:2474-2479. (PMID: 15519522) [CrossRef]
- 45. Villeneuve S, Cyr D, Lynge E, Orsi L, Sabroe S, Merletti F, Gorini G, Morales-Suarez-Varela M, Ahrens W, Baumgardt-Elms C, Kaerlev L, Eriksson M, Hardell L,Févotte J, Guénel Pet al. Occupation and occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in male breast cancer: a case-control study in Europe. Occup Environ Med 2010; 67:837-844. (PMID: 20798010) [CrossRef]
- 46. Matanoski GM, Breysse PN, Elliott EA. Electromagnetic field exposure and male breast cancer. Lancet 1991; 337: 737. (PMID: 1672204) [CrossRef]
- 47. Tynes T, Andersen A. Electromagnetic fields and male breast cancer. Lancet 1990; 336:1596. (PMID: 1979420) [CrossRef]
- 48. Stenlund C, Floderus B. Occupational exposure to magnetic fields in relation to male breast cancer and testicular cancer: a Swedish case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 1997; 8:184-191. (PMID: 9134242) [CrossRef]
- 49. Cocco P, Figgs L, Dosemeci M, Hayes R, Linet MS, Hsing AW. Casecontrol study of occupational exposures and male breast cancer. Occup Environ Med 1998; 55:599-604. (PMID: 9861181) [CrossRef]
- 50. Treves N, Holleb AJ. Cancer of the male breast. A report of 136 cases. Cancer 1955; 8: 1239-1259. [CrossRef] 51. Scheike O. Male breast cancer. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1975:3-35. (PMID: 1138536)
- 52. Ribeiro GG, Swindell R, Harris M, Baerjee S, Cramer A. A review of the management of the male breast carcinoma based on an analysis of 420 treated cases. Breast 1996; 5:141-146. [CrossRef]
- 53. Stierer M, Rosen H, Weitensfelder W, Hausmaninger H, Teleky B, Jakesz R, Fruhwirth H, Dünser M, Beller S, Haid A. Male breast cancer: Austrian experience. World J Surg 1995; 19: 687-693. (PMID: 7571664) [CrossRef]
- 54. Giordano SH. A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast 6 cancer. Oncologist 2005; 10: 471-479. (PMID: 16079314) [CrossRef]
- 55. Sabel MS. Breast cancer in special populations. In: Sabel MS ed. Surgical Foundations: Essentials of Breast Surgery. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. p. 323-333. [CrossRef]
- 56. Contractor KB, Kaur K, Rodrigues GS, Kulkarni DM, Singhal H (2008). Male breast cancer: is the scenario changing. World J Surg Oncol 16; 6:58. (PMID: 18558006) [CrossRef]
- 57. Park S, Kim JH, Koo J, Park BW, Lee KS. Clinicopathological characteristics of male breast cancer. Yonsei Med J 2008; 49:978-986. (PMID: 19108022) [CrossRef]
- 58. Anderson WF, Althuis MD, Brinton LA, Devesa SS. Is male breast Cancer similar or different than female breast cancer? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 83:77-86. (PMID: 14997057) [CrossRef]
- 59. Dong C, Hemminki K. Second primary breast cancer following breast cancer in men. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 66:171-172. (PMID: 11437104) [CrossRef]
- 60. van Geel AN, van Slooten EA, Mavrunac M, Hart AAl. A retrospective study of male breast cancer in Holland. Br J Surg 1985; 72:724-727. (PMID: 2994794) [CrossRef]
- 61. Ramantanis G, Besbeas S, Garas JG. Breast cancer in the male: a report of 138 cases. World J Surg 1980; 4: 621-624. (PMID: 7233931) [CrossRef]
- 62. Sachs MD. Carcinoma of the male breast. Radiology 1941; 37:458-467. [CrossRef]
- 63. Wagner JL, Thomas CR, Koh WJ, Rudolph RH. Carcinoma of the male breast: Update 1994. Med Pediatr Oncol 1995; 24:123-132. (PMID: 7990761) [CrossRef]
- 64. Donegan WL, Redlich PN, Lang PJ, Gall MT. Carcinoma of the breast in males. Cancer 1998; 83: 498-509. (PMID: 9690543) [CrossRef] 65. Chen L, Chantra PK, Larsen LH, Barton P, Rohitopakarn M, Zhu EQ, Bassett LW. Imaging characteristics of malignant lesions of the male breast. Radiographics 2006;26: 993-1006. (PMID: 16844928) [CrossRef]
- 66. Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH,Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH. The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease. Am J Surg 2001; 181:96-100. (PMID: 11425067) [CrossRef]
- 67. Michels LG, Gold RH, Arndt RD. Radiography of gynecomastia and other disorders of the male breast. Radiology 1977; 122:117-122. (PMID: 318597) [CrossRef]
- 68. Doyle S, Steel J, Porter G. Imaging male breast cancer. Clin Radiol 2011;
- 66: 1079-1085. (PMID: 21745659) [CrossRef]
- 69. Jackson VP, Gilmor RL. Male breast carcinoma and gynecomastia: comparison of mammography with sonography. Radiology.1983 Nov;149(2):533 -6. (PMID: 6622700) [CrossRef]
- 70. Kapdi CC, Parekh NJ.The male breast.Radiol Clin North Am 1983; 21:137-148. (PMID: 6836101)
- 71. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Invasive Breast Cancer (v. 3.2015). Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_ gls/pdf/breast_basic.pdf
- 72. Yang SK, Cho N, Moon WK. The Role of PET/CT forEvaluatingBreastCancer. Korean J Radiol 2007 8:429-437. (PMID: 17923786) [CrossRef]
- 73. Gill MS, Kayani N,Khan MN,Hasan SH. Breast diseases in males a morphological review of 150 cases. J Pak Med Assoc 2000; 50:177-179. (PMID: 10979622)
- 74. Eser S. Kanser Kayıtçılığı ve Kanser Kayıt Merkezleri. Ed. Tuncer M. Türkiyede Kanser Kontrolü. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Kanserle Savaş Dairesi Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2007, 47-77.
- 75. Burga AM, Fadare O, Lininger RA, Tavassoli FA. Invasive carcinomas of the male breast: a morphologic study of the distribution of histologic subtypes and metastatic patterns in 778 cases. Virchows Arch 2006; 449:507- 512. (PMID: 17058095) [CrossRef]
- 76. Macdonald G, Paltiel C, Olivotto IA, Tyldesley S. A comparative analysis of radiotherapy use and patient outcome in males and females with breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1442-1448. (PMID: 15972730) [CrossRef]
- 77. Goss PE, Reid C, Pintilie M, Lim R, Miller N.Male breast carcinoma: a review of 229 patients who presented to the Princess Margaret Hospital during 40 years: 19551996. Cancer 1999; 85:629-639. (PMID: 10091736) [CrossRef]
- 78. Borgen PI, Wong GY, Vlamis V, Potter C, Hoffmann B, Kinne DW, Osborne MP, McKinnon WM. Current management of male breast cancer. A review of 104 cases. Ann Surg 1992; 215:451-457 [discussion 45759]. (PMID: 1319699)
- 79. Heller KS, Rosen PP, Schottenfeld D, Ashikari R, Kinne DW. Male breast cancer: a clinicopathologic study of 97 cases. Ann Surg 1978; 188:60-65. (PMID: 208472) [CrossRef]
- 80. Gough DB, Donohue JH, Evans MM,Pernicone PJ, Wold LE, Naessens JM, OBrien PC. A 50-yearexperience of male breast cancer: is outcome changing? Surg Oncol 1993; 2:325-333. (PMID: 8130939) [CrossRef]
- 81. Cutuli B, Dilhuydy JM, De Lafontan B, Berlie J, Lacroze M, Lesaunier F, Graic Y, Tortochaux J, Resbeut M, Lesimple T, Gamelin E, Campana F, Reme-Saumon M, Moncho-Bernier V, Cuilliere JC, Marchal C, De Gislain G, NGuyen TD, Teissier E, Velten M. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast. Analysis of 31 cases. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33:35-38. (PMID: 9071896) [CrossRef]
- 82. Schuchardt U, Seegenschmiedt MH, Kirschner MJ, Renner H, Sauer R. Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast carcinoma in men: a 20-year clinical experience.Am J Clin Oncol 1996; 19:330-336. (PMID: 8677899) [CrossRef]
- 83. Gradishar WJ: Male breast cancer, in Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, Osborn CK(ed): Disease of the Breast. Philedelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,2000, pp 661-667.
- 84. Weiderpass E, Ye W, Adami Ho, Vainio H, Trichopoulos D, Nyren O. Breast cancer riskin male alcoholics in Sweden. Cancer Causes Control 2001; 12:661-664. (PMID: 11552714) [CrossRef]
- 85. Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group. Favourable and unfavourable effects on long-term survival of radiotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2000; 355: 1757-1770. (PMID: 10832826) [CrossRef]
- 86. Gentilini O, Chagas E, Zurrida S, Intra M, De Cicco C, Gatti G, Silva L, Renne G, Cassano E, Veronesi U. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in male patients with early breast cancer. The Oncologist 2007;12: 512-525. (PMID: 17522237) [CrossRef]
- 87. Gennari R, Curigliano G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Zurrida S, Renne G, Intra M, Galimberti V, Luini A, Orecchia R, Viale G, Goldhrisch A, Veronesi U. Male breast cancer: a special therapeutic problem. Anything new? (Review). Int J Oncol 2004; 24:663-670. (PMID: 14767551) [CrossRef]
- 88. Bagley CS, Wesley MN, Young RC, Lippman ME. Adjuvan chemotherapy in males with cancer of the breast. Am J Clin Oncol 1987; 10:55-60. (PMID: 3825994) [CrossRef]
- 89. Izquierdo MA, Alonso C, De Andres l, Ojeda B. Male breast cancer. Report of a series of 50 cases. Acta Oncol 1994; 33:767-771. (PMID: 7993644) [CrossRef]
- 90. Jaiyesimi IA, Buzdar AU, Sahin AA, Ross MA. Carcinoma of the male breast. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:771-777. (PMID: 1416579) [CrossRef]
- 91. Giordano SH, Perkins G, Garcia SM, et al. .Male breast cancer: the M.D. Anderson experience with adjuvan therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003; 82: S42.
- 92. Hayes T. Pharmacotherapy for male breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002; 3:701-708. (PMID: 12036409) [CrossRef]
- 93. Gomez-Raposo C, Zambrana Tevar F, Sereno Moyano M,Lopez Gomez M, Casado E. Male breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 36:451-457. (PMID: 20193984) [CrossRef]
- 94. Di Lauro L, Pizzuti L, Barba M, Sergi D, Sperduti I, Mottolese M, Del Medico P, Belli F, Vici P, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Efficacyof chemotherapy in metastatic male breast cancer patients: a retrospective study. Journal of Experimentaland Clinical Cancer Research 2015; 34:26. (PMID: 25888204) [CrossRef]
- 95. Yildirim E, Berberoglu U. Male breast cancer: a 22-year experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 1998; 24:548-52. (PMID: 9870732) [CrossRef]
- 96. Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, Perkins G, Hortobagyi GN (2004). Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer 2004; 101:51-57. (PMID: 15221988) [CrossRef]
- 97. Anderson WF, Jatoi I, Tse J, Rosenberg PS (2010). Male breast cancer: A population-based comparison with female breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28, 232-9. (PMID: 19996029) [CrossRef]
- 98. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, Fluge O, Pergamenschikov A, Williams C, Zhu SX, Lønning PE, Børresen-Dale AL, Brown PO, Botstein D. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000; 406:747-752. (PMID: 10963602) [CrossRef]
- 99.. Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Lønning PE, Børresen-Dale AL. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:10869-10874. (PMID: 11553815) [CrossRef]
- 100. Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K, Karaca G, Troester MA, Tse CK, Edmiston S, Deming SL, Geradts J, Cheang MC, Nielsen TO, Moorman PG, Earp HS, Millikan RC. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA 2006; 295:2492-2502. (PMID: 16757721) [CrossRef]
- 101. Kornegoor R, Verschuur-Maes AH, Buerger H, Hogenes Marieke CH, de Bruin PC, Oudejans JJ, van der Groep P, Hinrichs B, van Diest PJ. Molecular subtyping of male breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. Modern Pathology 2012; 25:398-404. (PMID: 22056953) [CrossRef]
- 102. Leone J, Zwenger AO, Iturbe J, Vallejo CT, Leone BA. Prognostic significance of tumor subtypes in male breast cancer: a population-basedstudy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 152:601-609. (PMID: 26126972) [CrossRef]
- 103. Nahleh Z. Hormonal therapy for male breast cancer: a different approach for a different disease. Cancer Treatment Rev 2006; 32:101-105. (PMID: 16472925) [CrossRef]
- 104. Joshi MG, Lee AK, Loda M, Camus MG, Pedersen C, Heatley GJ, Hughes KS. Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to a poorer outcome. Cancer 1996; 77:490-498. (PMID: 8630956) [CrossRef]
- 105. Willsher PC, Leach IH, Ellis IO, Bourke JB, Blamey RW, Robertson JF. A comparison outcome of male breast cancer with female breast cancer. Am J Surg 1997; 173: 185-188. (PMID: 9124623) [CrossRef]
- 106. Guinee VF, Olsson H, Moller T, Shallenberger RC, van den Blink JW, Peter Z, Durand M, Dische S, Cleton FJ, Zewuster R, et al. The prognosis of breast cancer in males. A report of 335 cases. Cancer 1993; 71: 154-161. (PMID: 8416712) [CrossRef]
- 107. Joshi MG, Lee AK, Loda M, Camus MG, Pedersen C, Heatley GJ, Hughes KS. Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to a poorer outcome. Cancer 1996; 77: 490-498. (PMID: 8630956) [CrossRef]
- 108. Rayson D, Erlichman C, Suman VJ, Roche PC, Wold LE, Ingle JN, Donohue JH. Molecular markers in male breast carcinoma. Cancer 1998; 83:1947-1955. (PMID: 9806653) [CrossRef]
- 109. Ge Y, Sneige N, Eltorky MA, Wang Z, Lin E, Gong Y, Guo M. Immunohistochemical characterization of subtypes of male breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11:R28. (PMID: 19442295) [CrossRef]
- 110. Yoney A, Kucuk A, Unsal M. Male breast cancer: a retrospective analysis. Cancer Radiotherapie 2009; 13:103-107. (PMID: 19250851) [CrossRef]
- 111. Goyal A, Horgan K, Kissi M, Yiangou C, Sibbering M, Lansdown M, Newcombe RG, Mansel RE, Chetty U, Ell P, Fallowfield L, Kissin M; ALMANAC Trialists Group. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in male breast cancer patients. EJSO 2004; 30:480-483. (PMID: 15135473) [CrossRef]
| APA | Yalaza M, İNAN A, BOZER M (2016). Male Breast Cancer. , 1 - 8. |
| Chicago | Yalaza Metin,İNAN Aydın,BOZER Mikdat Male Breast Cancer. (2016): 1 - 8. |
| MLA | Yalaza Metin,İNAN Aydın,BOZER Mikdat Male Breast Cancer. , 2016, ss.1 - 8. |
| AMA | Yalaza M,İNAN A,BOZER M Male Breast Cancer. . 2016; 1 - 8. |
| Vancouver | Yalaza M,İNAN A,BOZER M Male Breast Cancer. . 2016; 1 - 8. |
| IEEE | Yalaza M,İNAN A,BOZER M "Male Breast Cancer." , ss.1 - 8, 2016. |
| ISNAD | Yalaza, Metin vd. "Male Breast Cancer". (2016), 1-8. |
| APA | Yalaza M, İNAN A, BOZER M (2016). Male Breast Cancer. The Journal of Breast Health, 12(1), 1 - 8. |
| Chicago | Yalaza Metin,İNAN Aydın,BOZER Mikdat Male Breast Cancer. The Journal of Breast Health 12, no.1 (2016): 1 - 8. |
| MLA | Yalaza Metin,İNAN Aydın,BOZER Mikdat Male Breast Cancer. The Journal of Breast Health, vol.12, no.1, 2016, ss.1 - 8. |
| AMA | Yalaza M,İNAN A,BOZER M Male Breast Cancer. The Journal of Breast Health. 2016; 12(1): 1 - 8. |
| Vancouver | Yalaza M,İNAN A,BOZER M Male Breast Cancer. The Journal of Breast Health. 2016; 12(1): 1 - 8. |
| IEEE | Yalaza M,İNAN A,BOZER M "Male Breast Cancer." The Journal of Breast Health, 12, ss.1 - 8, 2016. |
| ISNAD | Yalaza, Metin vd. "Male Breast Cancer". The Journal of Breast Health 12/1 (2016), 1-8. |
