Introduction: The objectives of the study were to evaluate potentially inappropriate drug useand medical non-adherence and to determine the risk factors for potentially inappropriate druguse and medical non-adherence in the elderly dwelling in a community health center service area. Materials and Method: The cross-sectional study included all individuals aged 65 years andolder (n=687) dwelling in the area of a community health center in Isparta, Turkey. The dependent variables of the study were potentially inappropriate drug use and medical non-adherence.The structured questionnaire, comprising both dependent and independent variables, was administered to elderly people by conducting face-to-face interviews at home. Chi-square, independentsamples t-test, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Among the elderly using at least one drug per day, 17.6% were using at least onepotentially inappropriate medication. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and digoxin (in doses>0.125 mg/day) were the most common drugs that were used inappropriately. Medical non-adherence was determined in 40.6% of the elderly. The most common non-adherent behavior was"forgetting to take the medication." In the multivariate analysis, polymorbidity (p=0.001) and polypharmacy (p=0.016) were risk factors for potentially inappropriate drug use. The only risk factorfor medical non-adherence was "not knowing most of the side effects of the drug" (p=0.018).Conclusion: In this study, lower prevalence rates than those for most previous studies werefound for both potentially inappropriate drug use and medical non-adherence. Since polymorbidity and polypharmacy were risk factors for potentially inappropriate drug use, physicians shouldbe cautious in the selection of drugs for elderly patients with polymorbidity