Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey
Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 53 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 205 - 212 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022
Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey
Öz: Amaç: Çalışmada genel populasyondan alınan geniş bir örneklemde tütün, alkol, madde kullanımı ve ilaç yanlış kullanımının yaygınlığını belirleyerek ilişkili sosyo-demografik faktörleri tanımlamak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma, 8045 bireyden oluşan ulusal temsili örneklem ile eğitimli görüşmeciler tarafından yüz yüze hane içi görüşmeler yapılarak uygulanan kesitsel anket uygulaması temeline dayanmaktadır. Bulgular: Tütün, alkol, madde kullanımı ve ilaç yanlış kullanımının yaşam boyu yaygınlıkları sırasıyla %51,8, %28,3, %2,8 ve %10,5 olarak saptanmıştır. Yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi ve medeni durum tütün ve alkol kullanımı ile ilaç yanlış kullanımına ilişkin önemli sosyo-demografik belirleyicilerdendir. Gelir düzeyinin ise alkol ve madde kullanımının önemli bir belirleyicisi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuç: Tütün, alkol, madde kullanımı ve ilaç yanlış kullanımı Türkiye'deki önemli sağlık sorunlarındandır. Sosyo-demografik durum tütün, alkol, madde kullanımı ve ilaç yanlış kullanımının bazı yönlerinin önemli belirleyicilerinden olup, etkin koruyucu ve önleyici yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi açısından dikkate alınmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Türkiye'de Genel Populasyonda Tütün, Alkol, Madde Kullanımı ve İlaç Yanlış Kullanımının Prevalansı ve Sosyo-Demografik Belirleyicileri
Öz: Introduction: The aim of the current study is to determine prevalence ratios of tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse in a large scale sample of general population and recognize related socio-demographic factors. Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 8045 individuals with face-to-face, in-house interviews implemented by a trained team of interviewers. Results: Life-time prevalences of tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse are 51.8%, 28.3%, 2.8% and 10.5% respectively. Age, gender, education level and marital status are important socio-demographic determinants for tobacco, alcohol use and drug misuse. Income level is an important determinant for alcohol and substance use. Conclusion: Tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse are significant health concerns in Turkey. Socio-demographic status is an important determinant of several aspects of tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse and should therefore be evaluated carefully to develop effective protective and preventive strategies.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011: warning about the dangers of tobacco. Geneva: WHO, 2011. Available at: http: whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240687813_eng.pdf [Ac- cessed 22 October 2012].
- World Health Organization, 2010. Fact sheet No. 339 - Tobacco. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/index.html [Accessed 10 March 2012].
- World Health Organization. Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Comparison Fact Sheet 2012; Turkey 2008&2012 Available at: http://www.who.int/tobacco/ surveillance/survey/gats/gats_turkey_2008v2012_comparison_fact_sheet.pdf [Accessed 8 May 2013].
- World Health Organization Global Status Report on Alcohol. WHO 2004, Geneva. Available at: http://www.who.int/substance abuse/publications/global status report 2004 overview.pdf [Accessed 9 April 2012].
- Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009; 373:2223-2233. [CrossRef]
- Klingemann H. Alcohol and its social consequences: the forgotten dimension. Copenhagen 2001: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
- Arıkan Z, Coşar B, Candansayar S, Işık E. Prevalence of Alcholism in a Semi-Urban Area. Kriz Dergisi 1996; 4:93-100.
- Nolen-Hoeksema S, Hilt L. Possible contributors to the gender differences in alcohol use and problems. J Gen Psychol 2006; 133:357-374. [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. Avail- able at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_re- port/msbgsruprofiles.pdf [Accessed 22 February 2013]
- World Health Organization. The World Health Surveys. In: Murray CJL, Evans DB, eds. Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods and Empiricism. WHO 2003, Geneva.
- Li TK, Hewett BG, Grant BF. Alcohol use disorders and mood disorders: a Na- tional Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56:718-720. [CrossRef]
- Casati A, Sedefov R, Pfeiffer-Gerschel T. Misuse of medicines in the European Union: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Addict Res 2012; 18:228- 245. [CrossRef]
- Correa-de-Araujo R, Miller GE, Banthin JS, Trinh Y. Gender differences in drug use and expenditures in a privately insured population of older adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2005; 14:73-81. [CrossRef]
- Thorell K, Skoog J, Zielinski A, Borgquist L, Halling A. Licit prescription drug use in a Swedish population according to age, gender and socioeconomic status after adjusting for level of multi-morbidity. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:575. [CrossRef]
- Haider SI, Johnell K, Weitoft GR, Thorslund M, Fastbom J. The influence of ed- ucational level on polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use: a register-based study of more than 600,000 older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57:62-69. [CrossRef]
- Available at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/psychoactives/en/in- dex.html [Accessed 13 November 2012].
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report, 2010. Avail- able at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2010/World_Drug_ Report_2010_lo-res.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2012]
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. European Drug Report Package, 2013. Available at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/ files/publications/964/TDAT13001ENN1.pdf [Accessed 22 January 2014]
- Isıklı S, Iraklı M. Türkiye'de madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı profili araştırması: 2002 yılı madde kullanımı geniş alan araştırması [Investigation of substance use and addiction profile in Turkey: Year of 2002, broad region research of substance use] Turkish Psychological Association. 2002; 4:55-65.
- TUIK, Turkey Health Research, 2010. Available at: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Pre- HaberBultenleri.do?id=8620 [Accessed 12 March 2012]
- Ilhan IO, Yildirim F, Demirbaş H, Doğan YB. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of substance use in a university-student sample in Turkey. Int J Pub- lic Health 2009; 54:40-44. [CrossRef]
- Akkaya C, Akgoz S, Kotan Z, Kaya B, Kırlı S. Illicit Drug Related Crime Profile in Bursa between the Years 1974-2003. Düşünen Adam 2006; 19:124-130.
- Onat A, Aksu H, Uslu N, Keleş İ, Çetinkaya A, Yıldırım B, Gürbüz N, Sansoy V. Smoking in Turkish adults: Addiction is increasing in our women. Turkish Cardiology Journal 1999; 27:697-700.
- Maral I, İlhan Mİ, Özkan S. Ankara Gölbaşı ilçesi'nde yaşayan 15 yaş ve üzeri kişilerin sigara içme durumları. Türkiye'de Psikiyatri 2001; 1:40-46.
- Giovino GA, Mirza SA, Samet JM, Gupta PC, Jarvis MJ, Bhala N, Peto R, Zatonski W, Hsia J, Morton J, Palipudi KM, Asma S; GATS Collaborative Group. Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally represen- tative cross-sectional household surveys. Lancet 2012; 380:668-679. [CrossRef]
- Palipudi KM, Gupta PC, Sinha DN, Andes LJ, Asma S, McAfee T; GATS Collab- orative Group. Social Determinants of Health and Tobacco Use in Thirteen Low and Middle Income Countries: Evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Sur- vey. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33466.
- Joffre-Velásquez VM, García-Maldonado G, Barrientos-Gómez M, Vásquez-Na- va F. Consumo de tabacoenestudiantes de preparatoria de Tamaulipas, resul- tados preliminares. Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 2007; 70:175-179.
- Polleta FA, Lopez-Camelo JS, Gili JA, Montalvo G, Castilla EE. Red del Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas en Ecuador. Smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke among pregnant women in Ecua- dor. Rev Panam Salud Pşblica 2010; 27:56-65.
- Kabat GC, Wynder EL. Determinants of quitting smoking. Am J Public Health 1987; 77:1301-1305. [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. Country profiles by WHO regions, 2011. Available from: www.who.int/sub- stance-abuse/publications/global-alcohol- report/en/index.html [Accessed 23 March 2012]
- Türkcan A, Akvardar Y, Aytaçlar S. İstanbul'da alkol kullanım yaygınlığı. 33. Ulu- sal psikiyatri kongresi özet kitabı. Antalya 1997; s:14.
- Ögel K, Çorapçıoğlu A, Sır A, Tamar M, Tot S, Doğan O, Uğuz S, Yenilmez C, Bilici M, Tamar D, Liman O. Tobacco, Alcohol and Substance Use Prevalence Among Elementary and Secondary School Students in Nine Cities of Turkey. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2004; 15:112-118.
- TUBITAK, Vision 2023, Health and Drug Panel Result Report. Add. 17, An- kara, 2003. Available at:http://www.euroqualityfiles.net/Documents%20 EUAM%20and%20CEECAP/Turkey/051006_TUBITAK_VISION_REPORT. pdf [Accessed 12 February 2012]
- TUIK, 2007. Data About Alchohol Production and Consumption Amounts in Turkey. Available at: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1012 [Ac- cessed 10 January 2012]
- Altıntoprak E, Anette Akgür S, Yüncü Z, Sertöz ÖÖ, Coşkunol H. Alcohol Use-Related Problems in Women. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2008; 19:197-208.
- U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Washington, DC: DHHS, 1998; Wright, J. W. (Ed.) The New York Times 2000 Almanac. New York: Penguin, 1999, p. 398.
- International Center for Alcohol Policies. Who are the Abstainers? Washing- ton, DC: International Center for Alcohol Policies 2000; Report #8. Available at: http://www.icap.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=rBZgOog3FUY%3D&tabid=75 [Accessed 16 March 2012]
- Touvier M, Druesne-Pecollo N, Kesse-Guyot E, Andreeva VA, Galan P, Herc- berg S, Latino-Martel P. Demographic, socioeconomic, disease history, dietary and life style cancer risk factors associated with alcohol consumption. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:445-459. [CrossRef]
- Power C, Rodgers B, Hope S. Heavy alcohol consumption and marital status: disentangling the relationship in a national study of young adults. Addiction 1999; 94:1477-1487. [CrossRef]
- Sewell WH. As we age: the Wisconsin longitudinal study, 1957-2001. Madi- son, WI: Center for Demography and Ecology University of Wisconsin-Mad- ison, 2001.
- Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Association sbetween marital status and alcohol consumption in a longitudinal study of female twins. J Stud Alcohol 2001; 62:589-604. [CrossRef]
- Madianos M, Gefou-Madianou D, Stefanis C. The epidemiology of illicit and licit drug use in Greece: a nationwide general population survey. EurPsychiatry 1995; 10:175-182. [CrossRef]
- Correa-de-Araujo R, Miller GE, Banthin JS, Trinh Y. Gender differences in drug use and expenditures in a privately insured population of older adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2005; 14:73-81. [CrossRef]
- Fernandez-Liz E, Modamio P, Catalan A, Lastra CF, Rodriguez T, Marino EL. Identifying how age and gender influence prescription drug use in a primary healthcare environment in Catalonia, Spain. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65:407- 417. [CrossRef]
- Engstrom S, Magnusson H, Enthoven P, Walter L, Thorell K, Halling A, Borgq- uist L. Social status affects drug costs and healthcare costs. A registry study shows that Care Choice should take socioeconomic factors into account. La- kartidningen 2009; 106:3248-3250.
- Haider SI, Johnell K, Weitoft GR, Thorslund M, Fastbom J. The influence of ed- ucational level on polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use: a register-based study of more than 600,000 older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57:62-69. [CrossRef]
- Casati A, Sedefov R, Pfeiffer-Gerschel T. Misuse of medicines in the European Union: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Addict Res 2012; 18:228- 245. [CrossRef]
- Carr-Hill RA, Rice N, Roland M. Socioeconomic determinants of rates of con- sultation in general practice based on fourth national morbidity survey of general practices. BMJ 1996; 312:1008-1012. [CrossRef]
- Evren C, Ögel K, Uluğ B. Alcohol and Substance Dependence Diagnosis and Treatment Hand-Book. Turkish Psychiatric Association Study Units Series; No:14, 2012.
- Heinz AJ, Wu J, Witkiewitz K, Epstein DH, Preston KL. Marriage and relation- ship closeness as predictors of cocaine and heroin use. Addict Behav 2009; 34:258-263. [CrossRef]
- Huckle T, You RQ, Casswell S. Socio-economic status predicts drinking pat- terns but not alcohol-related consequences independently. Addiction 2010; 105:1192-1202. [CrossRef]
| APA | İLHAN M, Arıkan Z, Kotan Z, TUNÇOĞLU T, PINARCI M, Tasdemir A, AY B, Kocak N (2016). Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. , 205 - 212. |
| Chicago | İLHAN Mustafa Necmi,Arıkan Zehra,Kotan Zeynep,TUNÇOĞLU Tolga,PINARCI Mustafa,Tasdemir Ahmet,AY Bülent,Kocak Nadir Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. (2016): 205 - 212. |
| MLA | İLHAN Mustafa Necmi,Arıkan Zehra,Kotan Zeynep,TUNÇOĞLU Tolga,PINARCI Mustafa,Tasdemir Ahmet,AY Bülent,Kocak Nadir Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. , 2016, ss.205 - 212. |
| AMA | İLHAN M,Arıkan Z,Kotan Z,TUNÇOĞLU T,PINARCI M,Tasdemir A,AY B,Kocak N Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. . 2016; 205 - 212. |
| Vancouver | İLHAN M,Arıkan Z,Kotan Z,TUNÇOĞLU T,PINARCI M,Tasdemir A,AY B,Kocak N Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. . 2016; 205 - 212. |
| IEEE | İLHAN M,Arıkan Z,Kotan Z,TUNÇOĞLU T,PINARCI M,Tasdemir A,AY B,Kocak N "Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey." , ss.205 - 212, 2016. |
| ISNAD | İLHAN, Mustafa Necmi vd. "Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey". (2016), 205-212. |
| APA | İLHAN M, Arıkan Z, Kotan Z, TUNÇOĞLU T, PINARCI M, Tasdemir A, AY B, Kocak N (2016). Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 53(3), 205 - 212. |
| Chicago | İLHAN Mustafa Necmi,Arıkan Zehra,Kotan Zeynep,TUNÇOĞLU Tolga,PINARCI Mustafa,Tasdemir Ahmet,AY Bülent,Kocak Nadir Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 53, no.3 (2016): 205 - 212. |
| MLA | İLHAN Mustafa Necmi,Arıkan Zehra,Kotan Zeynep,TUNÇOĞLU Tolga,PINARCI Mustafa,Tasdemir Ahmet,AY Bülent,Kocak Nadir Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, vol.53, no.3, 2016, ss.205 - 212. |
| AMA | İLHAN M,Arıkan Z,Kotan Z,TUNÇOĞLU T,PINARCI M,Tasdemir A,AY B,Kocak N Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi. 2016; 53(3): 205 - 212. |
| Vancouver | İLHAN M,Arıkan Z,Kotan Z,TUNÇOĞLU T,PINARCI M,Tasdemir A,AY B,Kocak N Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi. 2016; 53(3): 205 - 212. |
| IEEE | İLHAN M,Arıkan Z,Kotan Z,TUNÇOĞLU T,PINARCI M,Tasdemir A,AY B,Kocak N "Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey." Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 53, ss.205 - 212, 2016. |
| ISNAD | İLHAN, Mustafa Necmi vd. "Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Tobacco, Alcohol, Substance Use and Drug Misuse in General Population in Turkey". Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 53/3 (2016), 205-212. |
