Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience

Yıl: 2012 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 63 Sayfa Aralığı: 111 - 134 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience

Öz:
Bu makale 2011 yılı başında Kuzey Afrika ve Ortadoğu'da or-taya çıkan ve Arap Baharı diye adlandırılan halk hareketlerinin tarihsel dinamiklerini ele alarak Türkiye'nin demokratik tec-rübelerinin neden ve hangi ölçüde "model" olabileceğini ince-lemektedir. Türk yöneticiler tarafından kabul görmese de "Türk modeli" kavramı Batı ve Ortadoğu'daki belli başlı ak-törler tarafından kullanılmakta ve teklif edilmektedir. Bu an-lamda makale Türk tecrübesinin Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika bölgesinde otoriter sistemlerden demokrasiye geçişte radikal eğilimleri önleme noktasında kontrollü bir geçiş sağlayacağı için önerildiğini savunmaktadır. Köklü bir parlamenter sisteme sahip olması, devlet ve sınırlı elit kontrollü bir ekonomiden açık pazar ekonomisine başarıy-la geçmesi ve Fransız modeli laiklik anlayışını kapsayıcı mode-le doğru dönüştürebilmesi Türkiye'yi bölge için ilham kaynağı yapacak temel özelliklerdir. Türkiye'nin askerî vesayet siste-minden başarılı ve kansız bir mücadele ile daha etkin bir de-mokratik sisteme geçmiş olması bölgede otoriter rejimlerden demokrasiye geçişte ılımlı bir sürecin mümkün olduğunu da teyit etmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra makale Türkiye'nin bölgedeki gücünü de abartmaması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Türkiye demokratik kültürü ve daha fazla bölgesel dayanışmayı savunurken bazı küresel aktörlerin rızası hilafına etki üretmenin de ne kadar zor olduğunu Libya ve Suriye örneklerinde görmüştür. Arap Baharı sürecinde aktif bir şekilde yöneticilere karşı bölge halk larının taleplerini destekleyen bir politika benimsemesi Türki-ye'yi hem Rusya, hem de Iran, Irak ve Suriye gibi komşu ülke-lerle karşı karşıya getirmiştir. Buna rağmen Türk dış politikası son on yılda bölgede edindiği meşruiyet zeminini korumak için aktif ve tutarlı politikalar üretmeye devam etmelidir. Ne-tice olarak bölgede gelişme ve zenginlik düzeyinin yükselmesi ve demokratik kültürün yerleşmesi hedefleniyorsa bu hedefe hangi model üzerinden ulaşıldığından çok ne kadar hızlı ulaşıldığı önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Türkiye'nin Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika ile İlişkilendirilmesi: Arap Baharı ve Türk Tecrübesi

Öz:
In this article, I analyze the extent to which Turkish experience provided and continues to provide a model for democratization in North Africa and the Middle East (MENA). Using the 2011 (Arab Spring) mass movements, and the resulting shifts from autocratic regimes toward democratic ones, I argue that the Turkish experience offered a framework for MENA countries to address radical tendencies. The promise of the Turkish model existed despite the categorical rejection of protest by Turkish authorities. Features of the Turkish model that appeal to the regimes in transition include its experience with parliamentary democracy, the successful shift from a limited economy controlled by elites to an open market system, and a turn from French-style secularism to a more flexible and inclusive model. In addition, Turkey's successful exit from a military tutelage demonstrated that a mild and peaceful transition away from autocracy is possible. I also argue that, based on recent experiences, Turkey should exercise caution regarding its new regional power: Defense of democratic culture and regional cooperation have already created difficulties as Turkey seeks to build global influence and maintain friendly relationships with its neighboring countries. Nevertheless, Turkish policy makers must continue to develop proactive and consistent policies towards the MENA region, in order to preserve the legitimacy built over the last decade. Finally, if democratization and development are major goals for the transitioning MENA countries, I conclude that the models employed matter less than the speed at which goals are achieved
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA KIRECCI M (2012). Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. , 111 - 134.
Chicago KIRECCI M. Akif Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. (2012): 111 - 134.
MLA KIRECCI M. Akif Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. , 2012, ss.111 - 134.
AMA KIRECCI M Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. . 2012; 111 - 134.
Vancouver KIRECCI M Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. . 2012; 111 - 134.
IEEE KIRECCI M "Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience." , ss.111 - 134, 2012.
ISNAD KIRECCI, M. Akif. "Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience". (2012), 111-134.
APA KIRECCI M (2012). Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 0(63), 111 - 134.
Chicago KIRECCI M. Akif Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 0, no.63 (2012): 111 - 134.
MLA KIRECCI M. Akif Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol.0, no.63, 2012, ss.111 - 134.
AMA KIRECCI M Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2012; 0(63): 111 - 134.
Vancouver KIRECCI M Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience. Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2012; 0(63): 111 - 134.
IEEE KIRECCI M "Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience." Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 0, ss.111 - 134, 2012.
ISNAD KIRECCI, M. Akif. "Relating Turkey to the Middle East and North Africa: Arab Spring and the Turkish Experience". Bilig / Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 63 (2012), 111-134.