The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century

FLİTER, Irena

The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century

Irena FLİTER (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel)

Osmanlı Araştırmaları

4 0

Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 48 Sayfa Aralığı: 399 - 416 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century

Öz:

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile Avrupa Devletler Sistemi arasındaki artan temaslar neticesinde, Osmanlı Devleti, Prusya'ya 1763 ve 1806 yılları arasındaki iki orta elçi, bir büyükelçi ve dört maslahatgüzar yolladı. Osmanlı diplomatlarının Berlin'deki görevleri boyunca ortaya çıkan yolculuk, konaklama, tayinat ve harçlık gibi masrafları ilk başta ev sahibi ülke karşıladı. Ancak, 1798'de Berlin'e ilk daimi Osmanlı büyükelçisinin gönderilmesinin ardından, Prusyalılar diplomatların finansal sorumluluğunu reddetmeye başladı. Bu karar, diplomatlar ve hükümetler arasındaki karşılaşmaları yoğunlaştırdı ve Osmanlı diplomasisinin artan bir şekilde profesyonelleşmesiyle sonuçlandı. Değişen tahsisat uygulamalarının sonucunda, artık yabancı başkentlerin günlük yaşamına daha çok katılmak zorunda olan Osmanlı diplomatları, maaşlarını almak ve başkentlerdeki ikametlerini organize etmek için yeni kanallar bulmak zorunda kaldılar. Hem Osmanlı, hem de Prusya kaynaklarını kullanan bu makale, uluslararası bankalar gibi resmi kuruluşların ortaya çıkmasından önceki uluslararası tahsisat uygulama ve ağlarını tekrardan inşa etmeyi hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Tarih Kültürel Çalışmalar Edebiyat Sanat

Diplomatların Borçları: Onsekizinci Yüzyılın Sonunda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Prusya Arasındaki Uluslararası Mali İhtilâflar

Öz:

As part of the increased contact between the Ottoman Empire in the European state system, the Ottoman Empire dispatched two envoys, one ambassador and four chargés d'affaires to Prussia between 1763 and 1806. At first, the hosts had funded the diplomats' stays in Berlin including their travel expenses, housing, provisions and daily allowances, but following the sending of the first permanent Ottoman ambassador to Berlin in 1797, the Prussians rejected financial responsibility for the diplomats. This resulted in the intensified encounters between diplomats and governments and eventually in the growing professionalization of Ottoman diplomacy. As a consequence of changing funding practices, Ottoman diplomats had to find new channels to receive their salaries and organize their stays capitals being now compelled to greater participation in the daily life of in the foreign capital. Using both Ottoman and Prussian sources this article is able to reconstruct funding international practices and networks in a period before the establishment of official institutions such as international banks.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Tarih Kültürel Çalışmalar Edebiyat Sanat

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Archival documents
Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri (BOA), C.HR, 35/1715, C.HR, 35/1716, C.HR, 101/5045, HAT 122/4989, HAT 1350/52722 F.
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APA	FLİTER I (2016). The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. , 399 - 416.
Chicago	FLİTER Irena The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. (2016): 399 - 416.
MLA	FLİTER Irena The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. , 2016, ss.399 - 416.
AMA	FLİTER I The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. . 2016; 399 - 416.
Vancouver	FLİTER I The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. . 2016; 399 - 416.
IEEE	FLİTER I "The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century." , ss.399 - 416, 2016.
ISNAD	FLİTER, Irena. "The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century". (2016), 399-416.

APA	FLİTER I (2016). The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 0(48), 399 - 416.
Chicago	FLİTER Irena The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. Osmanlı Araştırmaları 0, no.48 (2016): 399 - 416.
MLA	FLİTER Irena The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, vol.0, no.48, 2016, ss.399 - 416.
AMA	FLİTER I The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. Osmanlı Araştırmaları. 2016; 0(48): 399 - 416.
Vancouver	FLİTER I The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century. Osmanlı Araştırmaları. 2016; 0(48): 399 - 416.
IEEE	FLİTER I "The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century." Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 0, ss.399 - 416, 2016.
ISNAD	FLİTER, Irena. "The Diplomats' Debts: International Financial Disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Prussia at the end of the Eighteenth Century". Osmanlı Araştırmaları 48 (2016), 399-416.