Objective: To study the incidence and risk factors of retinopathyof prematurity (ROP) in the premature infants examinedin Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Departmentof Ophthalmology.Material and Methods: The data of the infants screenedfor ROP in our clinic during April 2007-August 2011 wasreviewed retrospectively. Possible risk factors and eye examinationswere recorded and analysed using Chi-square,univariate and multivariate regressions.Results: Retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 321(30.8 %) of the 1043 infants enrolled in the study. Of thebabies with ROP, 290 had mild ROP (90.3 %) and 31 hadsevere ROP (9.6 %). Of the 28 patients in stage III, 8 improvedwithout treatment, 16 improved with argon laserphotocoagulation and 4 progressed to stage IV despite thetreatment. The mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight(BW) of patients who were treated for ROP were 29.1 weeks(±3.1) and 1249.8 g (±334.2) respectively. Six of these babieshad a gestational age >=32 and eight had a BW>=1500 g.The multivariate regression analyses showed GA, BW andoxygen therapy as independent predictors of ROP.Conclusion: In our series, independent risk factors for developmentof ROP were found to be low birth weight, lowgestational age and oxygen therapy. The incidence of ROPobserved in this study was higher than the one in developedcountries and relatively more mature infants were affected.Developing screening guidelines suitable for every societyand effective screening, preventing premature births andaddressing guidelines for monitoring supplemental oxygenare important for prevention of permanent damage and unfavorableoutcome in ROP.