Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Dutal, Hurem; BOLAT, Nursen; SAVACI, Gamze; REIS, MAHMUT

Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Mahmut REİS, (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Kahramanmaras)

Hurem DUTAL, (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Kahramanmaras)

Nursen BOLAT, (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Kahramanmaras)

Gamze SAVACI (Kastamonu University,Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Kastamonu * e-mail:)

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi

2 0

Yıl: 2017 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 64 - 75 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Öz:

Türkiye, hatalı arazi kullanımından kaynaklanan sorunlarla birlikte olumsuz topoğrafik yapı, toprak ve iklim özellikleri nedeniyle dünyada en çok toprak erozyonuna uğrayan ülkelerden biridir. Toprak erozyonu oluşturduğu pek çok olumsuz sonuçların yanında özellikle barajların dolmasına ve ekonomik ömürlerini öngörülenden daha kısa sürede tamamlamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, araştırma Kahramanmaraş ilinin kuzeyinde yer alan ve Menzelet Barajına sediment taşıyan Haman Deresi yağış havzasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sitemleri teknikleri kullanılarak ICONA (Institute for the COnservation of the NAture) modeli ile erozyon risk analizi yapılmıştır. ICONA Erozyon Risk Haritası, Toprak Erodibilitesi ile Toprak Koruma Haritalarının birbirleriyle çakıştırılması sonucu elde edilmiştir. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) değerleri Landsat 5 TM uydu görüntüsü kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, alanın % 53.67'sinin çok yüksek, % 38.1'inin yüksek, % 6.94'nün orta, % 1.17'sinin düşük ve % 0.12'sinin çok düşük erozyon riskine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Ziraat Mühendisliği

ICONA ve GIS Kullanılarak Erozyon Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kahramanmaraş Örneği, Türkiye

Öz:

Turkey is one of the countries that have highest rate of soil erosion due to negative topographic structure, soil and climate characteristics along with the problems caused by improper land use practices. Besides other negative effects, soil erosion is the source of sediment that fills reservoirs and thus shortens economic life of dams. Therefore, this study has been carried out on Haman river basin which deposits sediments into Menzelet Dam Lake located in north of Kahramanmaras. In this study, ICONA (Institute for the COnservation of the NAture) model was used to assess soil erosion risk using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. ICONA erosion risk map has been derived by overlaying soil erodibility and soil conservation maps. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values were generated from Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery. According to the results, it was determined that 53.67 % of the study area has very high risk, 38.1 % of the area has high risk, 6.94 % of the area has medium risk, 1.17 % of the area has low risk, and 0.12 % of the area has very low risk of soil erosion.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Ziraat Mühendisliği

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Ahlcrona E (1988). The impact of climate on land transformation in central Sudan. Unpublished Ph.D.
thesis. Lund University, Lund, Sweden. In: Quantative representation of land-surface morphology from digital elevation models (editors: Garry, P. K. & Harrison, A.R., 1990). Proceedings of 4th International conference on spatial data handling, July 23-27, Zurich, Switzerland, pp: 273-282.
Akay AE, Erdas O, Reis M, Yuksel A (2008). Estimating sediment yield from a forest road network by using a sediment prediction model and GIS techniques. Building and Environment. 43:687-695.
Akay AE, Sessions J (2005).Applying the decision support system, TRACER, to forest road design, Western. Journal of Applied Forestry. 20:184-191.
Balcı N, Ökten Y(1987). Sel Kontrolü, KTÜ Basımevi, Trabzon.
Bayramin I(1998). Integrating digital terrain and satellite image data with soils data for small scale mapping of soils. Ph.D. Thesis. Purdue University, p:121.
BaydemirAH(2008). Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ve uzaktan algılama teknikleri yardımıyla toprak haritalarının güncelleştirilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Toprak Anabilim Dalı. Kahramanmaraş.
Bayramin I, Dengiz O, Baskan O, Parlak M (2003).Soil erosion risk assessment with ICONA model; case study: Beypazarı Area.Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry.27:105-116.
Beasley DB, Huggings LF, Monke EJ (1980). ANSWERS: a model for watershed planning, trans. of the ASAE. 23:938-944.
Berney OF, Gallart JC, Griesbach LR, Serrano JDR, Sinago and Giordano A(1997). Guidelines for mapping and measurement of rainfall-induced erosion processes in the Mediterranean coastal areas. Priority Actions Programme, Regional Activity Centre, Split, Croatia.
CORINE (1992). Soil erosion risk and important land resources in the southeastern regions.
Dingzhong D, Ying T(1996). Soil erosion and sediment yield in the upper Yangtze River Basin, erosion and sediment yield: global and regional respectives, IAHS Publication, Exeter.
DMİ(2010). Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Gn. Md., K.Maraş Meteoroloji İl Müdürlüğü, K.Maraş meteoroloji istasyonu verileri, 1975-2010. Kahramanmaraş. Dogan O(1998).Sustainable policies for soil resource management in Turkey, GDRS Research Institute, Ankara.
Erdas(2002). Erdas imagine temel yazılım kitabı, s:1-200. Flanagan DC, Nearing MA(1995). USDA-ARS national soil erosion research laboratory, NSERL Report No. 10, West Lafayette.
GDREC(2008).General directorate of reforestation and erosion control, Ankara.
Jordan A, Martınez-Zavala L, Belleinfante N. 2000.
Assesment of the erosion risk in humid mediterranean areas workshop on technologies for and management of erosion and desertification control in the Mediterranean region, priority actions programme, UNEP, Malta. 1-13.
ICONA(1991). Plan nacional de restauracion hidrologicoforestal para el control de la erosion. ministrio de agricultura, Pescay Alimentacion, Madrid.
ICONA(1997). Guidelines for mapping and measurement of rainfall-induced erosion proceses in the Mediterranean coastal areas. Priority Action Programme Regional Activity Centre. ISBN:953- 6429-08-X. Split,Croatia. http://www.papthecoastcentre.org/pdfs/SoilErosioneng.pdf
Karagül R(1994). Trabzon Söğütlüdere havzasında farklı arazi kullanım şartları altındaki toprakların bazı özellikleri ile erozyon eğiliminin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, Trabzon, 165s (yayınlanmamış). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi. Trabzon.
Lal R(1994). Soil erosion research methods (ed.). St Lucie Press. Delray Beach FL 33483 USA.
Millward AA and Mersey JE(1999). Adapting the RUSLE to model soil erosion potential in a mountainous tropical watershed. Catena.
Oduro-Afriyie K (1996).Rainfall erosivity map for Ghana. Geoderma. 74:161-166.
Okatan A, Aydın M, Urhan OŞ (2007). Coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin havza amenajmanında kullanımı ve önemi. TMMOB harita ve kadastro mühendisleri odası ulusal coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kongresi 30 Ekim -02 Kasım 2007. KTÜ, Trabzon.
Ozel ME, Dogan O, Kucukcakar N and Yıldırım H(1999). Dalaman havzası erozyon haritalama pilot projesi, TEMA. Istanbul.
Pla IS(1997). Soil water balance model for monitoring soil erosion processes and effects on steep lands in the tropics. Soil Technology, 11:17-30.
RIVM(2000). Technical report on soil degradation. RIVM report 481505018. Bilthoven.
Tayebi M, Tayebi MH, Sameni A(2016). Soil erosion risk assessment using GIS and CORINE model: a case study from western Shiraz, Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 1476-3567.
Thornthwaite CW (1948). An approach to a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review 38: 55- 94.
Türker M, Gacemer ÖA(2004). Geometric correction accuracy of IRS-1D PAN imagery using topographic map versus GPS control points. International Journal of Remote Sensing. Vol: 25, No:6, p:1095-1104.
WALL OSG(2003). Soil erosion-causes and effects. Wischmeier WH(1976). The use and misuse of the universal soil loss equation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.31:5-9.
Yuksel A, Akay AE and Elliot WJ(2007a). Using WEPP: Road model in estimating sediment yield from the road network in KSU baskonus research and application forest in Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
International Mountain Logging and 13th Pacific Northwest Skyline Symposium; Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 1-6 April. USA.
Yuksel A, Akay AE, Reis M and Gundogan R(2007b).
Using the WEPP model to predict sediment yield in a sample watershed in Kahramanmaras region. International Congress River BasinManagement. 2:11- 22.

APA	REIS M, Dutal H, BOLAT N, SAVACI G (2017). Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. , 64 - 75.
Chicago	REIS MAHMUT,Dutal Hurem,BOLAT Nursen,SAVACI Gamze Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. (2017): 64 - 75.
MLA	REIS MAHMUT,Dutal Hurem,BOLAT Nursen,SAVACI Gamze Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. , 2017, ss.64 - 75.
AMA	REIS M,Dutal H,BOLAT N,SAVACI G Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. . 2017; 64 - 75.
Vancouver	REIS M,Dutal H,BOLAT N,SAVACI G Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. . 2017; 64 - 75.
IEEE	REIS M,Dutal H,BOLAT N,SAVACI G "Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey." , ss.64 - 75, 2017.
ISNAD	REIS, MAHMUT vd. "Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey". (2017), 64-75.

APA	REIS M, Dutal H, BOLAT N, SAVACI G (2017). Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 64 - 75.
Chicago	REIS MAHMUT,Dutal Hurem,BOLAT Nursen,SAVACI Gamze Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 34, no.1 (2017): 64 - 75.
MLA	REIS MAHMUT,Dutal Hurem,BOLAT Nursen,SAVACI Gamze Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.34, no.1, 2017, ss.64 - 75.
AMA	REIS M,Dutal H,BOLAT N,SAVACI G Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017; 34(1): 64 - 75.
Vancouver	REIS M,Dutal H,BOLAT N,SAVACI G Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017; 34(1): 64 - 75.
IEEE	REIS M,Dutal H,BOLAT N,SAVACI G "Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey." Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34, ss.64 - 75, 2017.
ISNAD	REIS, MAHMUT vd. "Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using GIS and ICONA: A Case Study in Kahramanmaras, Turkey". Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 34/1 (2017), 64-75.