Purpose: The study was performed to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and allergic eye diseases among the second year primary school students based on two primary school in Elazığ city centre.Materials and Methods: Total of 234 students attaining to the second level of these two primary school was presented the subject of this study. The data were obtained from the completed questionaire and an information form and analyzed by using SPSS for windows and statistical significance and error controls were assessed by utilizing the chi-square (X²) and Fischer's exact tests.Result: The age of the 218 students participated in this study varied between 7-9 years; of which 51.4% was male, 78.0% of the subject had low socioeconomic status and 53.7% did not have any social security. Of the students there was a refraction abnormality in 11.9%, hypermetropia in 8.7%, myopia in 3.2%, stabismus in 2.8%, amblyopia in %2.3, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the prevalance of amblyopia and sex (P>0.05). There was a tarsal conjunctival hyperemia in 30.3%, and blepharitis in 3.2% of the students. There was a significant correlation between the pathological findings of eye lid and conjunctival examination and absence of social security (P<0.05). It was determined that 46 (21.1%) out of the students was previously had eye examination due to any reason of which only 10 (4.6%) students were applied to the eye specialist for control. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of amblyopia and allergic eye diseases that may negatively affect the school performance, psychosocial development and selection of proficiency of the children is vitally important. With this respect implication of regular screening programmes, and the communication between the family, teacher and the physcians is critically important.