As increased risk of extinction of commonly used conventional energy resources of today; the strategic importance of oil and natural gas, which are the main energy sources, has been elevated to new heights in Turkey like in the world and these energy resources have become indispensable input to the economy. It is vital for countries with a high external dependency like Turkey in energy supply to diversify energy resources and utilize local sources to the maximum extent possible. In this regard bioethanol, which can be a remedy for oil import that constitutes an important part of Turkey’s foreign trade deficit, greenhouse gases and environmental pollution, has been gaining significance. In this study, the bioethanol policies in the world have been examined in comparison with the conditions of Turkey and the raw materials for bioethanol have also been assessed in terms of compatibility with current framework in Turkey. Researches and analyses on the use of sugar beet, sugar cane, sugar beet molasses, corn and wheat in bioethanol production in Turkey, the European Union (EU), the United States (US) were made and in particular the implementation of the policies in EU, US, Brazil, China and Turkey were discussed