DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ

Uğur SAMANCI (Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Hukuk Fakültesi, Kamu Hukuku Bölümü, Milletlerarası Hukuk Anabilim Dalı)
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
26 2
Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 55 - 90 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ

Öz:
Halk sağlığı alanında işbirliğinin kökeni 19. yüzyılda Batı Avrupa'da görülen kolera ve veba gibi salgın hastalıkların yayılmasının uluslararası ticarete ve dolaşıma asgarî müdahale ile önlenmesi amacına dayanmaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için başta Avrupalı devletler uluslararası sağlık konferansları düzenlemiş, uluslararası sağlık meselelerine ilişkin sözleşmeler akdetmiş ve bu sözleşmelerin uygulanmasını sağlamak üzere sağlık alanında uluslararası örgütler kurmuşlardır. II. Dünya Savaşının ardından uluslararası sağlık çalışmalarında yönlendirici ve eşgüdümü sağlayıcı makam olarak faaliyette bulunmak üzere Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) kurulmuş ve bu örgüte halk sağlığına ilişkin standartların belirlenmesinde normatif yetkiler verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın nihaî amacı DSÖ'nün normatif işlevinin hem halk sağlığı alanındaki uluslararası işbirliğinin gelişimi hem de DSÖ Anayasasının ilgili hükümleri ve uygulama ışığında incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla Dünya Sağlık Asamblesi tarafından kabul edilen normatif belgeler çeşitli örnekleriyle birlikte incelenmektedir. Sonuç olarak Asamble sağlığa ilişkin standartların belirlenmesinde esnek birer araç olarak yalnızca tavsiyeleri değil, gerekli gördüğü durumlarda hukuken bağlayıcı olan sözleşmeleri veya tüzükleri de kabul edebilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime:

THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND ITS NORMATIVE FUNCTION

Öz:
The origin of international cooperation on public health is based on the purpose of preventing the spread of epidemics such as cholera and plague in the Western Europe in 19th century with minimum interference to international trade and traffic. To achieve this goal, especially European states convened international health conferences, made conventions related to international health matters and established international health organizations for administering these conventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) was established to act as the directing and co-ordinating authority on international health work after the Second World War and was granted normative powers to set standards related to public health. The ultimate purpose of this study is examining normative functions of the WHO in the light of both evolution in international public health cooperation and related articles of the WHO Constitution and practice. To this aim, normative instruments adopted by the World Health Assembly are analyzed with various examples. The conclusion is that the Assembly not only adopts recommendations as flexible instruments in setting health-related standards but also adopts legally binding conventions or regulations when it deems necessary.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Aktaş, M. (2009). Türkiye İslam Konferansı Örgütüne üye midir? Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (1): 1-87.
  • Alexandrowicz, C. H. (1973). The law-making functions of the specialised agencies of the United Nations. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
  • Alger, C. F. (2006). The United Nations system: A reference handbook. California: Abc-Clio.
  • Aust, A. (2000). Modern treaty law and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Beigbeder, Y. (1998). The World Health Organization. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Brölmann, C. (2007). The institutional veil in public international law: International organisations and the law of treaties. Portland: Hart Publishing. Burci, G. L. ve Vignes, C. H. (2004). World Health Organization. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
  • Conforti, B. (2005). The law and the practice of the United Nations. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Çağıran, M. E. (2013). Uluslararası örgütler. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Dubin, M. D. (1995). The League of Nations Health Organisation. P. Weindling (Der.) International health organisations and movements (1918-1939): İçinde 56-80. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dupuy, P.-M. (1991). Soft law and the international law of the environment. Michigan Journal of International Law, 12 (2): 420-435.
  • Fidler, D. P. (2005). From international sanitary conventions to global health security: The new international health regulations. Chinese Journal of International Law, 4 (2): 325-392.
  • Fomerand, J. (2009). The A to Z of the United Nations. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press.
  • Gostin, L. O. (2014). Global health law. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Gündüz, A. (2003). Milletlerarası hukuk, temel belgeler, örnek kararlar. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Howard-Jones, N. (1975). The scientific background of the international sanitary conferences 1851-1938. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • International Law Commission. (1967). Draft articles on the law of treaties with commentaries 1966. Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1966, Cilt II: İçinde 187-274. New York: United Nations.
  • Klein, E. (2006). United Nations, specialized agencies. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. http://www.mpepil.com, (15.11.2009).
  • Lee, K. (2009). The World Health Organization (WHO). London: Routledge.
  • Moore, J. A. ve Pubantz, J. (2006). The new United Nations: International organization in the twenty-first century. New Jersey: Pearson.
  • Murphy, S. D. (Der.) (2003). Adoption of framework convention on tobacco control. The American Journal of International Law, 97 (3): 689-691.
  • Oppenheim, L. (1920). International law: A treatise, Volume I, Peace. R. F. Roxburgh (Ed.) London: Longmans, Green and Co.
  • Samancı, U. (2014). Uluslararası Sağlık Tüzüğü (2005) ve hukukî niteliği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (2): 113-169.
  • Sawyer, W. A. (1947). Achievements of UNRRA as an international health organization. American Journal of Public Health, 37 (1): 41-58.
  • Schermers, H. G. ve Blokker, N. M. (2011). International institutional law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Schmalenbach, K. (2012). Article 5: Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization. O. Dörr ve K. Schmalenbach (Der.) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A commentary: İçinde 89-99. Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Shubber, S. (1985). The international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes. International Digest of Health Legislation, 36 (4): 877-908.
  • Skubiszewski, K. (1965-1966). Enactment of law by international organizations. British Yearbook of International Law, 41: 198-274.
  • Sohn, L. B. (1986). International organization and integration: Annotated basic documents of international organizations and arrangements. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Sur, M. (2013). Uluslararası hukukun esasları. 7. Baskı. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Szasz, P. C. (1995). General law-making processes. O. Schachter ve C. C. Joyner (Der.) United Nations legal order, Cilt I: İçinde 35-108. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Terzioğlu, S. S. ve Özarslan, B. B. (2016). Uluslararası örgütler hukuku. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi.
  • The Avalon Project. "The Covenant of the League of Nations", http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp, (17.11.2015).
  • The United Nations and Decolonization. "Non-self-governing territories", http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml, (19.05.2015).
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Birleşmiş Milletler Cenevre Ofisi Nezdinde Daimi Temsilciliği. "Bilgi notları: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO - DSÖ), 07.12.2015", http://cenevreofisi.dt.mfa.gov.tr/ShowInfoNotes.aspx?ID=203417, (10.12.2015).
  • United Nations General Assembly (2015). Special Committee decision of 23 June 2014 concerning Puerto Rico. UN Doc. A/AC.109/2015/L.13, 20 March 2015. http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/AC.109/2015/ L.13, (18.11.2015).
  • United Nations Treaty Collection. "Status as at: 15.09.2015, Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, Seoul, 12 November 2012", https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX-4- a&chapter=9&lang=en, (15.09.2015).
  • United Nations Treaty Collection. "Status as at: 15.09.2015, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Geneva, 21 May 2003", https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX- 4&chapter=9&lang=en, (15.09.2015).
  • United Nations Treaty Collection. "Status as at: 24.03.2015, Constitution of the World Health Organization", https://treaties.un.org/pages/ShowMTDSG Details.aspx?src=UNTSONLINE&tabid=2&mtdsg_no=IX-1&chapter=9&lang =en#Participants, (24.03.2015).
  • United Nations World Health Organization Interim Commission (1948). Summary report on proceedings minutes and final acts of the international health conference held in New York from 19 June to 22 July 1946. Official Records of the World Health Organization No. 2.
  • UNTS. (1948a). Constitution of the World Health Organization, Signed at New York, on 22 July 1946. UN Treaty Series, 14: 186-203.
  • UNTS. (1948b). Agreement between the United Nations and the World Health Organization approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 15 November 1947 and by the World Health Assembly on 10 July 1948. United Nations Treaty Series, 19: 194-212.
  • UNTS. (1953). International Sanitary Regulations - World Health Organization Regulations No. 2. UN Treaty Series, 175: 216-288.
  • UNTS. (1975). International Health Regulations (with appendices), adopted by the twenty-second World Health Assembly at Boston on 25 July 1969. UN Treaty Series, 764 (1971): 4-88.
  • UNTS. (1982). Additional regulations amending the International Health Regulations of 25 July 1969, in particular with respect to articles 1, 21, 63-71 and 92. UN Treaty Series, 943 (1974): 428-430.
  • UNTS. (1987). Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (with annex), concluded at Vienna on 23 May 1969. UN Treaty Series, 1155: 331-353.
  • UNTS. (1988). World Health Organization Regulations regarding nomenclature (including the compilation and publication of statistics) with respect to diseases and causes of death, adopted by the twentieth World Health Assembly, at Geneva, on 22 May 1967. UN Treaty Series, 1172: 345-348.
  • UNTS. (1991). Additional Regulations amending the International Health Regulations of 1969, as amended by the Additional Regulations of 23 May 1973. UN Treaty Series, 1286 (1982): 390-393.
  • UNTS. (2006). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. UN Treaty Series, 2302: 229-250.
  • Volger, H. (Der.) (2010). A concise encyclopedia of the United Nations. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • WHO. "Countries". http://www.who.int/countries/en/, (20.11.2015).
  • WHO. "Director general". http://www.who.int/dg/en/, (15.11.2015).
  • WHO. "Expert advisory panels and committees". http://www.who.int/kms/expert_panels/en/, (15.11.2015).
  • WHO. "Intergovernmental negotiating body on the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (2000-2003)". http://www.who.int/fctc/about/ whofctc_inb/en/, (11.09.2015).
  • WHO. "International classification of diseases (ICD)". http://www.who. int/classifications/icd/en/, (28.09.2015).
  • WHO. "Public hearings on the WHO framework convention on tobacco control (2000)". http://www.who.int/fctc/about/public_hearings/ en/, (11.09.2015).
  • WHO. "WHO regional offices". http://www.who.int/about/regions/en/, (13.11.2015).
  • WHO. "Working group preceding the intergovernmental negotiating body on the WHO FCTC (1999-2000)". http://www.who.int/fctc/about/pre_neg_ working_group/en/, (11.09.2015).
  • WHO. (1948). Regulations regarding nomenclature (including the compilation and publication of statistics) with respect to diseases and causes of death (World Health Organization Regulations No.1) adopted by the First World Health Assembly at Geneva July 24, 1948. Official Records of the World Health Organization No. 13: 349-352.
  • WHO. (1958). The first ten years of the World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO Press.
  • WHO. (1981). International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes. Geneva: WHO Press.
  • WHO. (2008). International health regulations (2005). Geneva: WHO Press.
  • WHO. (2009). History of the WHO framework convention on tobacco control. Geneva: WHO Press.
  • WHO. (2014). Basic documents. Geneva: WHO Press.
  • WHO. (A53/12 Corr.1, 11 May 2000). WHO framework convention on tobacco control, report of the working group, corrigendum. http://apps.who.int/gb/archive/pdf_files/WHA53/ea12c1.pdf, (11.09.2015).
  • WHO. (A53/12, 26 April 2000). WHO framework convention on tobacco control, report of the working group. http://apps.who.int/gb/archive/pdf_files/ WHA53/ea12.pdf, (11.09.2015).
  • WHO. (Statement, WHO/6, 13 October 2000). WHO director-general's response to the tobacco hearings. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/ public_hearings/dghearings_en.pdf, (27.11.2015).
  • WHO. (WHA34.22, 21 May 1981). International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes. http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/WHA34.22_iycn_ en.pdf, (17.11.2015).
  • WHO. (WHA49.17, 25 May 1996). International framework convention for tobacco control. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/wha49_ 17/en/, (10.09.2015).
  • WHO. (WHA52.18, 24 May 1999). Towards a WHO framework convention on tobacco control. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/ wha52_18/en/, (17.11.2015).
  • WHO. (WHA53.16, 20 May 2000). Framework convention on tobacco control. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/wha_eb/wha53_16/en/, (28.10.2015).
  • WHO. (WHA56.1, 21 May 2003). WHO framework convention on tobacco control. http://www.who.int/tobacco/framework/final_text/en/, (12.09.2015).
  • Yemin, E. (1969). Legislative powers in the United Nations and specialized agencies. Leyden: A. W. Sijthoff.
APA SAMANCI U (2016). DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. , 55 - 90.
Chicago SAMANCI Uğur DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. (2016): 55 - 90.
MLA SAMANCI Uğur DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. , 2016, ss.55 - 90.
AMA SAMANCI U DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. . 2016; 55 - 90.
Vancouver SAMANCI U DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. . 2016; 55 - 90.
IEEE SAMANCI U "DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ." , ss.55 - 90, 2016.
ISNAD SAMANCI, Uğur. "DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ". (2016), 55-90.
APA SAMANCI U (2016). DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 55 - 90.
Chicago SAMANCI Uğur DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 18, no.1 (2016): 55 - 90.
MLA SAMANCI Uğur DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol.18, no.1, 2016, ss.55 - 90.
AMA SAMANCI U DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016; 18(1): 55 - 90.
Vancouver SAMANCI U DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016; 18(1): 55 - 90.
IEEE SAMANCI U "DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ." Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18, ss.55 - 90, 2016.
ISNAD SAMANCI, Uğur. "DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ VE NORMATİF İŞLEVİ". Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 18/1 (2016), 55-90.
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 2:37

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları