Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study

Tarhan H, Çakmak Ö, Akarken İ, Ekin RG, Ün S, Uzelli D, Helvacı M, Aksu N, Yavaşçan Ö, Mutlubaş-Özsan F, Cun S, Koç F, Özkarakaş Ö, İlbey YÖ, Zorlu F. Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turk J Pediatr 2015; 57: 172-176.To determine toilet training age and the factors influencing this in our country, 1500 children who had completed toilet training were evaluated in a multicenter study. The mean age of toilet training was 22.32±6.57 months. The duration it took to complete toilet training was 6.60±2.20 months on the average. In univariant analysis, toilet training age increased as the parental education level, specifically that of the mother, increased. The training age of children whose mothers had over 12 years of education differed significantly from that of children of mothers with less education. There was no significant difference in toilet training age with regard to the education level of the father, or the employment status of the mother. We also found significant differences with respect to family income level, toilet type and training method. In multivariant analysis, family income >5000 TL and use of a potty chair were determined to be factors affecting toilet training age. In conclusion, toilet training age in Turkey, a developing country, was found to be lower than that in developed countries.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Pediatri

Evaluation of late effects of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with medulloblastoma

Öz:

We aimed to evaluate long-term toxicity in children with medulloblastomatreated with postoperative radiotherapy (RT).This study included 21 patients aged 4-16 who had been diagnosed withmedulloblastoma. All of the patients in the study received postoperativecraniospinal RT. Postoperative RT followed by chemotherapy was the treatmentprotocol. A total of 13 patients (62%) received chemotherapy concurrentlywith RT.Overall survival was 50 months (range, 1-169 months) and disease-freesurvival was 39 months (range, 4-171 months). In the data analysis, theheights of 11 patients (91.6%) were found to be below 50% on the heightcurve, and 8 (66.6%) patients had weights below 50% on the weight curve.Mean sitting height was 72.58±6.33 cm, and this was statistically correlatedwith parameters such as LH level (p=0.037), testosterone level (p=0.020),height (p=0.002), weight (p=0.033) and age at diagnosis (p=0.002).Radiation therapy for medulloblastoma seems to have a late toxic effect onlong-term survivors. With the improving survival rate of medulloblastomapatients, RT doses should be as low as possible without sacrificing efficacy.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Pediatri

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Tarhan H, KARADAĞ O, Cakmak O, DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C, AKARKEN İ, ÖZKAN L, EKİN R, Sağlam H, ÜN S, DEMİRKAYA M, UZELLİ YILMAZ D, Helvacı M, AKSU N, Yavascan O, MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F, ÇÜN S, KOC F, ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö, ilbey y, ZORLU F (2015). Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. , 172 - 176.
Chicago	Tarhan Huseyin,KARADAĞ Oya,Cakmak Ozgur,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY CANDAN,AKARKEN İLKER,ÖZKAN Lütfi,EKİN Rahmi Gökhan,Sağlam Halil,ÜN Sıtkı,DEMİRKAYA Metin,UZELLİ YILMAZ Derya,Helvacı Mehmet,AKSU Nejat,Yavascan Onder,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN Fatma,ÇÜN Selma,KOC Feyza,ÖZKARAKAŞ Özlem,ilbey yusuf özlem,ZORLU Ferruh Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. (2015): 172 - 176.
MLA	Tarhan Huseyin,KARADAĞ Oya,Cakmak Ozgur,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY CANDAN,AKARKEN İLKER,ÖZKAN Lütfi,EKİN Rahmi Gökhan,Sağlam Halil,ÜN Sıtkı,DEMİRKAYA Metin,UZELLİ YILMAZ Derya,Helvacı Mehmet,AKSU Nejat,Yavascan Onder,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN Fatma,ÇÜN Selma,KOC Feyza,ÖZKARAKAŞ Özlem,ilbey yusuf özlem,ZORLU Ferruh Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. , 2015, ss.172 - 176.
AMA	Tarhan H,KARADAĞ O,Cakmak O,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C,AKARKEN İ,ÖZKAN L,EKİN R,Sağlam H,ÜN S,DEMİRKAYA M,UZELLİ YILMAZ D,Helvacı M,AKSU N,Yavascan O,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F,ÇÜN S,KOC F,ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö,ilbey y,ZORLU F Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. . 2015; 172 - 176.
Vancouver	Tarhan H,KARADAĞ O,Cakmak O,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C,AKARKEN İ,ÖZKAN L,EKİN R,Sağlam H,ÜN S,DEMİRKAYA M,UZELLİ YILMAZ D,Helvacı M,AKSU N,Yavascan O,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F,ÇÜN S,KOC F,ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö,ilbey y,ZORLU F Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. . 2015; 172 - 176.
IEEE	Tarhan H,KARADAĞ O,Cakmak O,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C,AKARKEN İ,ÖZKAN L,EKİN R,Sağlam H,ÜN S,DEMİRKAYA M,UZELLİ YILMAZ D,Helvacı M,AKSU N,Yavascan O,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F,ÇÜN S,KOC F,ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö,ilbey y,ZORLU F "Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study." , ss.172 - 176, 2015.
ISNAD	Tarhan, Huseyin vd. "Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study". (2015), 172-176.

APA	Tarhan H, KARADAĞ O, Cakmak O, DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C, AKARKEN İ, ÖZKAN L, EKİN R, Sağlam H, ÜN S, DEMİRKAYA M, UZELLİ YILMAZ D, Helvacı M, AKSU N, Yavascan O, MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F, ÇÜN S, KOC F, ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö, ilbey y, ZORLU F (2015). Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 57(2), 172 - 176.
Chicago	Tarhan Huseyin,KARADAĞ Oya,Cakmak Ozgur,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY CANDAN,AKARKEN İLKER,ÖZKAN Lütfi,EKİN Rahmi Gökhan,Sağlam Halil,ÜN Sıtkı,DEMİRKAYA Metin,UZELLİ YILMAZ Derya,Helvacı Mehmet,AKSU Nejat,Yavascan Onder,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN Fatma,ÇÜN Selma,KOC Feyza,ÖZKARAKAŞ Özlem,ilbey yusuf özlem,ZORLU Ferruh Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 57, no.2 (2015): 172 - 176.
MLA	Tarhan Huseyin,KARADAĞ Oya,Cakmak Ozgur,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY CANDAN,AKARKEN İLKER,ÖZKAN Lütfi,EKİN Rahmi Gökhan,Sağlam Halil,ÜN Sıtkı,DEMİRKAYA Metin,UZELLİ YILMAZ Derya,Helvacı Mehmet,AKSU Nejat,Yavascan Onder,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN Fatma,ÇÜN Selma,KOC Feyza,ÖZKARAKAŞ Özlem,ilbey yusuf özlem,ZORLU Ferruh Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, vol.57, no.2, 2015, ss.172 - 176.
AMA	Tarhan H,KARADAĞ O,Cakmak O,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C,AKARKEN İ,ÖZKAN L,EKİN R,Sağlam H,ÜN S,DEMİRKAYA M,UZELLİ YILMAZ D,Helvacı M,AKSU N,Yavascan O,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F,ÇÜN S,KOC F,ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö,ilbey y,ZORLU F Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2015; 57(2): 172 - 176.
Vancouver	Tarhan H,KARADAĞ O,Cakmak O,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C,AKARKEN İ,ÖZKAN L,EKİN R,Sağlam H,ÜN S,DEMİRKAYA M,UZELLİ YILMAZ D,Helvacı M,AKSU N,Yavascan O,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F,ÇÜN S,KOC F,ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö,ilbey y,ZORLU F Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2015; 57(2): 172 - 176.
IEEE	Tarhan H,KARADAĞ O,Cakmak O,DEMİRÖZ ABAKAY C,AKARKEN İ,ÖZKAN L,EKİN R,Sağlam H,ÜN S,DEMİRKAYA M,UZELLİ YILMAZ D,Helvacı M,AKSU N,Yavascan O,MUTLUBAŞ-ÖZSAN F,ÇÜN S,KOC F,ÖZKARAKAŞ Ö,ilbey y,ZORLU F "Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study." Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 57, ss.172 - 176, 2015.
ISNAD	Tarhan, Huseyin vd. "Toilet training age and influencing factors: a multicenter study". Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 57/2 (2015), 172-176.