In contemporary societies, the traditional family structure has evolved into a nuclear family structure, thus, the roles and responsibilities of individuals within the nuclear family structure have changed, women’s education status has increased and consequently women’s status in the society has been raised and women have become independent from being economically dependent upon men. Elimination of the sharp social gender boundaries has changed traditional mother and father roles, in this fashion, the concept of fatherhood is also affected through these developments. Men have started to share housework and child care responsibilities, hence, the nature of fatherhood and parenting attitudes have been changed and the concept of fatherhood and parenting has gained a new meaning. It has being observed that, in today’s contemporary societies, traditional and modern cultural beliefs and values for maternity-paternity have existed side by side. After reviewing the relevant literature, it is seen that those studies that have been conducted in order to find the determinants of attitudes and behaviors of fatherhood are inadequate and this topic needs further study and research. This research aims to determine which factors are effective in changing the attitudes and behaviors of men’s concept of fatherhood in the cultural structure of Turkish society today, thus, hopefully filling to some extent a gap in this literature