Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 5 Sayfa Aralığı: 434 - 455 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey

Öz:
The distribution of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in 70 granite samples obtained from 13 Western Anatolian plutons (Turkey) was measured by using &#947;-ray spectroscopy. The activities of the measured radionuclides varied up to 259 Bq kg 1 for 226Ra, up to 241 Bq kg 1for 232Th, and up to 2518 Bq kg 1 for 40K, with mean values of 66 (±44), 90 (±47), and 1097 (±410) Bq kg 1, respectively, which are smaller than the mean values given for granites worldwide. The mean value of the increase on the external &#947;-radiation effective dose rate is 0.21 (±0.09) mSv year 1, varying by <1 mSv year 1. The mean value of the internal &#945;-radiation was 0.15 (±0.10) mSv year 1, varying <0.5 mSv year 1. Most of the samples cause an increase to both the external and internal dose by <30%, which is smaller than the permitted limit. Therefore, there is no radiological risk from the usage of the samples studied as decorative and ornamental building materials.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Akay E (2009). Geology and petrology of the Simav Magmatic Complex (NW Anatolia) and its comparison with the Oligo-Miocene granitoids in NW Anatolia: implications on Tertiary tectonic evolution of the region. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 98: 1655-1675.
  • Aldanmaz E, Pearce J, Thirlwall MF, Mitchell J (2000). Petrogenetic evolution of late Cenozoic, post-collision volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey. J Volcanol Geoth Res 102: 67-95.
  • Altunkaynak Ş (2007). Collision-driven slab breakoff magmatism in northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. J Geol 115: 63-82.
  • Altunkaynak Ş, Dilek Y (2006). Timing and nature of postcollisional volcanism in Western Anatolia and geodynamic implications. In: Dilek Y, Pavlides S, editors. Post-Collisional Tectonics and Magmatism of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Boulder, CO, USA: Geological Society of America Special Papers, pp. 321-351.
  • Altunkaynak Ş, Dilek Y (2013). Eocene mafic volcanism in northern Anatolia: its causes and mantle sources in the absence of active subduction. Int Geol Rev 55: 1641-1659.
  • Altunkaynak S, Dilek, Y, Genç SC, Sunal, G, Gertisser R, Furnes H, Foland KA, Yang J (2012a). Spatial, temporal and geochemical evolution of Oligo–Miocene granitoid magmatism in western Anatolia, Turkey. Gondwana Res 21: 961-986.
  • Altunkaynak Ş, Genç ŞC (2008). Petrogenesis and time-progressive evolution of the Cenozoic continental volcanism in the Biga Peninsula, NW Anatolia (Turkey). Lithos 102: 316-340.
  • Altunkaynak S, Rogerw NM, Kelley SP (2010). Causes and effects of geochemical variations in Late Cenozoic volcanism of the Foca volcanic centre, NW Anatolia, Turkey. Int Geol Rev 55: 579-607.
  • Altunkaynak S, Sunal G, Aldanmaz E, Genç SC, Dilek Y, Furnes H, Foland KA, Yang J, Yıldız M (2012b). Eocene granitic magmatism in NW Anatolia (Turkey) revisited: new implications from comparative zircon SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology and isotope geochemistry on magma genesis and emplacement. Lithos 155: 289-309.
  • Altunkaynak Ş, Yılmaz Y (1998). The Kozak magmatic complex; western Anatolia. J Volcanol Geoth Res 85: 211-231.
  • Amin RM (2012). Gamma radiation measurements of natural occurring radioactivity samples from commercial Egyptian granites. Envir Earth Sci 67: 771-775.
  • Angi OS, Yavuz O, Yalçin T, Çiftçi E (2016). Mineralogy-induced radiological aspects with characterization of commercial granites exploited in Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Environ (in press).
  • Anjos RM, Ayub JJ, Cid AS, Cardoso R, Lacerda T (2011). External gamma-ray dose rate and radon concentration in indoor environments covered with Brazilian granites. J Envir Radioact 102: 1055-1061.
  • Anjos RM, Veiga R, Soares T, Santos AMA, Aguiar JG, Frasca MHBO, Brage JAP, Uzeda D, Mangia L, Facure A et al. (2005). Natural radionuclide distribution in Brazilian commercial granites. Rad Meas 39: 245-253.
  • Boztuğ D, Harlavan Y, Jonckheere R, Can I, Sarı R (2009). Geochemistry and K-Ar cooling ages of the Ilıca, Çataldağ (Balıkesir) and Kozak (İzmir) granitoids, west Anatolia, Turkey. Geol J 44: 79-103.
  • Bruzzi L, Mele R, Padoani F (1992). Evaluation of gamma and alpha doses due to natural radioactivity of building materials. J Radiol Prot 12: 67-76.
  • Cetin E, Altinsoy N, Orgun Y (2012). Natural radioactivity levels of granites used in Turkey. Rad Prot Dosim 151: 299-305.
  • Cutshall NH, Larsen IL, Olsen CR (1983). Direct analysis of 210Pb in sediment samples: self-absorption corrections. Nucl Instrum Methods B 206: 309-312.
  • Debertin K, Helmer RG (1988). Gamma- and X-Ray Spectrometry with Semiconductor Detectors. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: North-Holland.Dilek Y, Altunkaynak Ş (2007). Cenozoic crustal evolution and mantle dynamics of post-collisional magmatism in western Anatolia. Int Geol Rev 49: 431-453.
  • Dilek Y, Altunkaynak Ş (2010). Geochemistry of Neogene-Quaternary alkaline volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey, and implications for the Aegean mantle. Int Geol Rev 52: 631-655.
  • Erkül F (2010). Tectonic significance of synextensional ductile shear zones within the Early Miocene Alaçamdağ granites, northwestern Turkey. Geol Mag 147: 611-637.
  • Erkül F, Erkül ST, Ersoy Y, Uysal İ, Klötzli U (21013). Petrology, mineral chemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of granitoids in the central Menderes Core Complex: constraints on the evolution of Aegean lithosphere slab. Lithos 180-181: 74-91.
  • Erkül ST (2012). Petrogenetic evolution of the Early Miocene Alaçamdağ volcano-plutonic complex, northwestern Turkey: implications for the geodynamic framework of the Aegean region. Int J Earth Sci 101: 197-219.
  • Erkül ST, Erkül F (2012). Magma interaction processes in syn-extensional granitoids: the Tertiary Menderes Metamorphic Core Complex, western Turkey. Lithos 142-143: 16-33.
  • Erkül ST, Özmen SF, Erkül F, Boztosun I (2016). Comparison between natural radioactivity levels and geochemistry of some granitoids in western Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 25: 242-255.
  • Ersoy YE, Helvacı C, Palmer MR (2009). Petrogenesis of the Neogene volcanic units in the NE-SW-trending basins in western Anatolia, Turkey. Contrib Mineral Petrol 163: 379-401.
  • European Commission (1999). Radiation Protection 112: Radiological Protection Principles Concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials. Brussels, Belgium: Directorate – General Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection.
  • Genç C (1998). Evolution of the Bayramiç magmatic complex, northwestern Anatolia. J Volcanol Geoth Res 85: 233-249.
  • Gilmore G (2008). Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Güleç N (1991). Crust-mantle interaction in western Turkey: implications from Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry of Tertiary and Quaternary volcanics. Geol Mag 23: 417-435.
  • Harris NBW, Kelley S, Okay AI (1994). Post-collisional magmatism and tectonics in northwest Anatolia. Contrib Mineral Petrol 117: 241-252.
  • Hasözbek A, Satır M, Erdoğan B, Akay E, Siebel W (2010). Early Miocene post-collisional magmatism in NW Turkey: geochemical and geochronological constraints. Int Geol Rev 53: 1098-1119.
  • Iwaoka K, Hosoda M, Tabe H, Iishikawa T, Tokonami S, Yonehara H (2013). Activity concentration of natural radionuclides and radon and thoron exhalation rates in rocks used as decorative wall coverings in Japan. Health Phys 104: 41-50.
  • Karadeniz O, Akal C (2014). Radiological mapping in the granodiorite area of Bergama (Pergamon)-Kozak, Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 302: 361-373.
  • Karadeniz Ö, Çıyrak N, Yaprak G, Akal C (2011). Terrestrial gamma exposure in the granodiorite area of Bergama (Pergamon)-Kozak, Turkey. J Radianal Nucl Chem 302: 361-373.
  • Kitto ME, Haines DK, Menia TA (2009). Assessment of gamma-ray emissions from natural and manmade decorative stones. J. Radioanal Nucl Chem 282: 409-413.
  • Koblinger L (1984). Mathematical models of external gamma radiation and congruence of measurements. Radiat Prot Dosim 7: 227-234.
  • Köprübaşı N, Aldanmaz E (2004). Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Cenozoic I-type granitoids in Northwest Anatolia, Turkey: evidence for magma generation by lithospheric delamination in a post-collisional setting. Int Geol Rev 46: 705-729.
  • Krisiuk EM, Tarasov SI, Shamov VP, Shalak NI, Lisachenko EP, Gomelsky LG (1971). A Study of Radioactivity in Building Materials. Leningrad, USSR: Research Institute for Radiation Hygiene.
  • Mao Y, Liu Y, Fu Y, Lin L (2006). Physical models and limits of radionuclides for decorative building materials. Health Phys 90: 471-476.
  • Marocchi M, Righi S, Bargossi GM, Gasprotto G (2011). Natural radionuclides content and radiological hazard of commercial ornamental stones: an integrated radiometric and mineralogical-petrographic study. Rad Meas 46: 538-545.
  • Moura CL, Artur AC, Bonoto DM, Guedes S, Martinelli CD (2011). Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate in Brazilian igneous rocks. Appl Rad Isot 69: 1094-1099.
  • Okay AI, Satır M (2000). Coeval plutonism and metamorphism in a latest Oligocene metamorphic core complex in northwest Turkey. Geol Mag 137: 495-516.
  • Okay AI, Satır M (2006). Geochronology of Eocene plutonism and metamorphism in northwest Turkey: evidence for a possible magmatic arc. Geodin Acta 19: 251-266 .
  • Örgün Y, Altınsoy N, Gültekin AH, Karahan G, Celebi N (2005). Natural radioactivity levels in granitic plutons and groundwaters in Southeast part of Eskisehir, Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 63: 267-275.
  • Örgün Y, Altınsoy N, Şahin SY, Güngör Y, Gültekin AH, Karahan G, Karacık Z (2007). Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in rocks and beach sands from Ezine region (Çanakkale), Western Anatolia, Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 65: 739-747.
  • Ozgenc I, Ilbeyli N (2008). Petrogenesis of the Late Cenozoic Eğrigöz Pluton in Western Anatolia, Turkey: implications for magma genesis and crustal processes. Int Geol Rev 50: 375-391.
  • Papadopoulos A, Christofides G, Koroneos A, Papadopoulou L, Papastefanou C, Stoulos S (2013). Natural radioactivity and radiation index of the major granitic plutons in Greece. J Envir Radioact 124: 227-238.
  • Papadopoulos A, Christofides G, Koroneos A, Stoulos S, Papastefanou C (2012). Natural radioactivity and dose assessment of granitic rocks from Atticocycladic zone (Greece). Period Mineral 81: 301-311.
  • Pavlidou S, Koroneos A, Papastefanou C, Christofides G, Stoulos S, Vavelides M (2006). Natural radioactivity of granites used as building materials. J Envir Radioact 89: 48-60.
  • Righi S, Verita S, Bruzzi L, Albertazzi A (2006). Natural radioactivity and radon specific exhalation rate of zircon sands. In: 2nd European IRPA Congress on Radiation Protection, Paris, France.
  • Robu E, Giovani C (2009). Gamma-ray self-attenuation corrections in environmental samples. Rom Rep Phys 61: 295-300.
  • Salas HT, Nalini HA Jr, Mendes JC (2006). Radioactivity dosage evaluation of Brazilian ornamental granitic rocks bases on chemical data, with mineralogical and lithological characterization. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 267: 669-673.
  • Şengör AMC, Yılmaz Y (1981). Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75: 181-241.
  • Stranden E (1979). Radioactivity of building materials and gamma radiation in dwellings. Phys Med Biol 24: 921-930.
  • Streckeisen A, Le Maitre RW (1979). A chemical approximation to the modal QAPF classification of the igneous rocks. Egypt Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh 136: 169-206.
  • Stoulos S, Manolopoulou M, Papastefanou C (2003). Assessment of natural radiation exposure and radon exhalation from building materials in Greece. J Envir Radioact 69: 225-240.
  • Turhan S (2012). Estimation of possible radiological hazards from natural radioactivity in commercially-utilized ornamental and countertops granite tiles. Ann Nucl Energy 44: 34-39.
  • Tzortzis M, Tsertos H, Christofides S, Christodoulides G (2003). Gamma measurements and dose rates in commercially used tiling rocks (granites). J Envir Radioact 70: 223-235.
  • UNSCEAR (1993). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Exposure from Natural Sources of Radiation. 1993 Report to the General Assembly. New York, NY, USA: UNSCEAR.
  • UNSCEAR (2000). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionising Radiation, Vol. I. New York, NY, USA: UNSCEAR.
  • UNSCEAR (2006). UNSCEAR 2006 Report Vol. I. Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Report of the General Assemble with Scientific Annexes. New York, NY, USA: UNSCEAR.WHO (2009).
  • WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.
  • Xinwei L, Lingqing W, Xiaodan J (2006). Radiometric analysis of Chinese commercial granites. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 267: 669-673.
  • Yılmaz Y (1989). An approach to the origin of young volcanic rocks of western Turkey. In: Şengör AMC, editor. Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region. The Hague, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, pp. 159-189.
  • Yılmaz Y, Genç ŞC, Gürer OF, Bozcu M, Yılmaz K, Karacik Z, Altunkaynak Ş, Elmas A, Elmas A (2000). When did the western Anatolian grabens begin to develop? In: Bozkurt E, Winchester JA, Piper JAD, editors. Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. London, UK: Geological Society of London Special Publications, pp. 353-384.
  • Zhang H, Lu Y, Dawson RW, Shi YJ, Wang T (2005). Classification and ordination of DDT and HCH in soil samples from the Guanting Reservoir, China. Chemosphere 60: 762-769.
APA PAPADOPOULOS A, ALTUNKAYNAK Ş, KORONEOS A, ÜNAL A, KAMACI Ö (2016). Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. , 434 - 455.
Chicago PAPADOPOULOS Argyrios,ALTUNKAYNAK ŞAFAK,KORONEOS Antonios,ÜNAL ALP,KAMACI Ömer Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. (2016): 434 - 455.
MLA PAPADOPOULOS Argyrios,ALTUNKAYNAK ŞAFAK,KORONEOS Antonios,ÜNAL ALP,KAMACI Ömer Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. , 2016, ss.434 - 455.
AMA PAPADOPOULOS A,ALTUNKAYNAK Ş,KORONEOS A,ÜNAL A,KAMACI Ö Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. . 2016; 434 - 455.
Vancouver PAPADOPOULOS A,ALTUNKAYNAK Ş,KORONEOS A,ÜNAL A,KAMACI Ö Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. . 2016; 434 - 455.
IEEE PAPADOPOULOS A,ALTUNKAYNAK Ş,KORONEOS A,ÜNAL A,KAMACI Ö "Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey." , ss.434 - 455, 2016.
ISNAD PAPADOPOULOS, Argyrios vd. "Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey". (2016), 434-455.
APA PAPADOPOULOS A, ALTUNKAYNAK Ş, KORONEOS A, ÜNAL A, KAMACI Ö (2016). Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 25(5), 434 - 455.
Chicago PAPADOPOULOS Argyrios,ALTUNKAYNAK ŞAFAK,KORONEOS Antonios,ÜNAL ALP,KAMACI Ömer Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no.5 (2016): 434 - 455.
MLA PAPADOPOULOS Argyrios,ALTUNKAYNAK ŞAFAK,KORONEOS Antonios,ÜNAL ALP,KAMACI Ömer Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.25, no.5, 2016, ss.434 - 455.
AMA PAPADOPOULOS A,ALTUNKAYNAK Ş,KORONEOS A,ÜNAL A,KAMACI Ö Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2016; 25(5): 434 - 455.
Vancouver PAPADOPOULOS A,ALTUNKAYNAK Ş,KORONEOS A,ÜNAL A,KAMACI Ö Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2016; 25(5): 434 - 455.
IEEE PAPADOPOULOS A,ALTUNKAYNAK Ş,KORONEOS A,ÜNAL A,KAMACI Ö "Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, ss.434 - 455, 2016.
ISNAD PAPADOPOULOS, Argyrios vd. "Distribution of natural radioactivity and assessment of radioactive dose of Western Anatolian plutons, Turkey". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 25/5 (2016), 434-455.