The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle

Engin KARADAĞ (eskisehir osmangazi university, faculty of education)
İleti-ş-im
1 0
Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 25 Sayfa Aralığı: 233 - 260 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle

Öz:
Bu çalışmada ruhsal liderliğinin örgütsel bağlılık ve verimlilik üzerindeki etkisinde ulusal kültürün rolü meta-analiz yöntemiyle test edilmiştir. Yapılan taramada, 27 tanesi meta-analize dâhil edilebilen 105 araştırmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmayla altı ülkeden toplam 27 araştırma bir araya getirilerek 8,011 kişilik örneklem grubu elde edilmiştir. Rassal etki modeli kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonuçları, ruhsal liderliğinin örgütsel bağlılık ve verimliliğe orta düzeyde etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca yatay-bireyci (USA gibi) kültürlerde dikey-kolektivist (Asya gibi) kültürle göre ruhsal liderliğin verimliliğe etkisinin daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bulgular ruhsal liderliğin evrensel olduğunu ve yatay-bireyci kültürlerde liderlerin ruhsal liderlik davranışlarının, çalışanların işteki veriminin dikey-kolektivist kültürlere göre daha çok etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İletişim

Ruhsal Liderliğin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Verimliliğe Etkisinde Ulusal Kültürün Moderatörlüğü: Kültürler Arası Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması

Öz:
In this study, the role of national culture regarding the effect of spiritual leadership on the organizational commitment and productivity was tested through meta-analysis method. Following the literature review, 105 research on this topic has been reached, and 27 of them were included in the meta-analysis. Within the study, a total of 27 research, from 6 countries, with a total sample of 8,011 people were covered. The results of the analysis, which was conducted using random effect model, showed that spiritual leadership has a moderate effect on organizational commitment and productivity. In addition, it has been found that the effect of spiritual leadership on productivity is higher in horizontalindividualistic cultures (e.g. USA) than in vertical-collectivist ones (e.g. Asia). These findings reveal that spiritual leadership is universal and the effect of leaders' spiritual leadership behaviors in horizontal-individualist cultures on the work efficiency of employees is much more than those in vertical-collectivist ones.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İletişim
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • *Afsar, B., Badir, Y., Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79--88.
  • *Amirkhani, A. H., Safarzadeh, H., Arani, H. S., Salamzadeh, Y., Daraei, M. R. (2011). Spiritual leadership and employee empowerment: the case of Kashan university of Iran. Annals of the University of Bucarest, the Economic Administrat, 5(3), 3-13.
  • Anderson, P. (2000). This place hurts my spirit! Journal for Quality and Participation, 23(4), 16-17.
  • Ashar, H., Lane-Maher, M. (2004). Success and spirituality in the new business paradigm. Journal of Management Inquiry, 73(3), 249-260
  • Ashmos, D. P., Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
  • Baloğlu, N. ve Karadağ, E. (2008). Ruhsal liderlik üzerine teorik bir çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 58, 165-190.
  • Barna, G. (2005). Revolution. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers. Benefiel, M. (2005). The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. Leadership Quarter/y, 76(5), 723-747.
  • Bennis, W. (2002). Become tomorrow leader. In L. C. Spears, M. Lawrence (Eds), Focus on leadership: Servant-leadership for the 27st century (pp. 101- 109). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons.
  • Borenstein, Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T. Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to Meta-Analysis. London: Wiley.
  • Brown, M. E., Trevino, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: review and future directions. The Leadership Quarter/y, 77(6), 595-616.
  • Burkhart, L. (2008). Addressing spiritual leadership: an organizational model. Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(1), 33-39.
  • Caldwell, K., Kallestad, W., Sorensen, P. (2004). Entrepreneurial faith: Launching bold initiatives to expand God's kingdom. Colorado Springs, CO: WaterBrook.
  • Casey, C. (2004). Bureaucracy re-enchanted? Spirit, experts and authority in organizations. Organization, 77(1), 59-80.
  • *Chen, C. Y., Li, C. l. (2013). Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: The contribution of follower's self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position. The Leadership Quarter/y, 24(1), 240--255.
  • *Chen, C. Y., Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
  • Chen, M., Miller, D. (2011). The relational perspective as business mindset: Managerial implications for East and West. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(3), 6-18.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • DeKlerk, J. J. (2005). Spirituality, meaning in life, and work wellness: research agenda. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 64-68.
  • Dickson, M. W., Den Hartog, D. N., Mitchelson, J. K. (2003). Research on leadership in cross-cultural context: Making progress, and raising new questions. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 729 -768.
  • Eisenberger, R., Karagonlar, G., Stinglhamber, F., Neves, P., Becker, T. E., Gonzales-Morales, M. G., Steiger--IVIueIIer, M. (2010). Leader-member exchange and affective organizational commitment: The contribution of supervisor's organizational embodiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1085-1103.
  • Eisner, R., Montuori, A. (2003). The human side of spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone, C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 46-56). Armonk, NY: ME. Sharpe.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2000). Building new structure for school leadership. Washington, DC: Albert Shanker Institute.
  • Fairholm, G. W. (1997). Capturing the hearth of leadership: Spirituality and community in the new American workplace. Wesport, CT: Praeger.
  • Farh, J. L., Hackett, R. D., Liang, J. (2007). Individual--level cultural values as moderators of perceived organizational support-employee outcome relationships in China: Comparing the effects of power distance and traditionality. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 715--729.
  • Ferguson, J., Milliman, J. (2008). Creating effective core organizational values: spiritual leadership approach. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(4), 439--459.
  • Fiedler, F. E. (1967). theory of leadership effectiveness. New York, NY: McGraw--Hill.
  • Fleming, K. Y. (2004). Soulful leadership: Leadership characteristics of spiritual leaders contributing to increased meaning in life and work. Dissertation Abstracts International, 65(01), 211A (UMI No. 3120403).
  • Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 74, 693-727.
  • Fry, L. W., Cohen, M. (2009). Spiritual leadership as paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 2(84), 265-278.
  • *Fry, L. W., Matherly, L. L. (2006). Spiritual leadership and organizational performance: An exploratory study. Tarleton State University-Central Texas. *Fry, L. W., Hannah, 8. T., Noel, M., Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 22, 259-270.
  • Fry, L. W., Matherly, L. L., Whittington, J. L., Winston, B. E. (2007). Spiritual leadership as an integrating paradigm for servant leadership. ln Singh-Sengupta, S., Fields, D. (Eds). Integrating spirituality and organizational leadership (pp. 70-82). Macmillan India Ltd.
  • *Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing baseline. The Leadership Ouarter/y, 16(5), 835-862.
  • Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., Dickens, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership: review of the literature and research agenda. The Leadership Quarter/y, 22(6), 120-1 145.
  • Gelfand, M. J., Erez, M., Aycan, Z. (2007). Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 479-514.
  • Giacalone, R. A., Jurkiewicz, C. L., Fry, L. W. (2005). From advocacy to science: The next steps in workplace spirituality research. Retrieved November 25, 2008, from http://www.tarleton.edu/Nfry/sltpaloutziantinal.pdf
  • Greenleaf, R. K., Spears, L. C. (2002). Servant leadership: journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. NY: Paulist Press.
  • Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties new architecture for leadership. Educational Management Administration, 28(3), 317-338.
  • Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423-451.
  • Gronn, P. (2006). The significance of distributed leadership. Educational Leadership Research, 7, 160-172.
  • Gull, G. A., Doh, J. (2004). The transmutation of the organization: Toward more spiritual workplace. Journal of Management Inquiry, 13(2), 128--139.
  • Halpin, A. W., Winer, B. J. (1957). factorial study of the leader behavior descriptions. ln R. M. Stogdill, &A.E. Coons (Eds), Leaderbehavior: lts description and measurement (pp. 399--451). Columbus, OH: Bureau of Business Research, Ohio State University
  • Hanrahan, F., Field, A. P, Jones, F. W., Davey, G. C. L. (2013) meta--analysis of cognitive therapy for worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(1), 120--132.
  • Hause, R. J. (1971). path--goal theory effectiveness. Administrative Science Ouarter/y, 16, 321--328.
  • Hedges, L. V., Olkin, l. (1985). Statistical method for meta-analysis. United Kingdom: Academic Press.
  • Hersey, P., Blanchard, H. K. (1972). Management of organization behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hoffman, A. J. (2003). Reconciling professional and personal value systems: The spiritually motivated manager as organizational entrepreneur. In R. A. Giacalone, C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 193--208). Armonk, NY: ME. Sharpe.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. London: Sage.
  • *Hunsaker, W. D. (2012). Spiritual leadership as universal construct: an empirical study of Fry's (2003) model of spiritual leadership in South Korean context. (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text database. (UMI No. 3532755)
  • *Hunsaker, W. D. (2014). Relationship of Confucian Values to Spiritual Leadership in South Korean Context. Asian Social Science, 10(12), 130.
  • Hunt, J. G., Sekaran, U., Schriesheim, C. A. (1982). Leadership: Beyond establishment views. Carbondale, lL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • *Jeon, K. S. (201 1). The relationship of perception of organization performance and spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality, and learning organization culture in the Korean context (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text database. (UMI No. 3500954).
  • Jiang, D.--Y., Cheng, B.-S. (2008). Affect- and role--based loyalty to supervisors in Chinese organizations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 11, 214-221.
  • Katz, D., Kahn, R. L. (1952). Some recent findings in human relations research. ln E. Swanson, T. Newcombe, E. Hartley (Eds), Readings in social psychology (pp. 650-665). New York, NY: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
  • *Khani, A., Darvish, H., Miandari, K., Arani, H. (2013). The role of spiritual leadership on empowering employees: case study of educational system. Management Science Letters, 3(3), 1013--1018.
  • Klein, E., Izzo, J. B. (1999). Awakening corporate soul: Four paths to unleash the power ofpeople at work. Vancouver, BC: Fair Winds.
  • Klenke, K. (2003). The "8" factor in leadership education, practice, and research. Journal of Education for Business, 79(1), 56-60.
  • Komala, K., Ganesh, L. S. (2007). Individual spirituality at work and its relationship with job satisfaction and burnout: An exploratory study among healthcare professionals. The Business Review, Cambridge, 7(1), 124-134.
  • Kulinskaya, E., Morgenthaler, S., Staudte, R. G. (2008). Meta-analysis: guide to calibrating and combining statistical evidence. London: John Wiley Sons. Littel, H. J., Corcoran, J., Pillai, V. (2008). Systematic reviews and metaanalysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • *Mansor, N., Ismail, A. H., Alwi, M. A. M., Anwar, N. (2013). Relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational commitment in Malaysians' oil and gas industry. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 179-191.
  • *Markow, F., Klenke, K. (2005). The effects of personal meaning and calling on organizational commitment: An empirical investigation of spiritual leadership. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 73(1), 8-27.
  • *Masouleh, S. A., Koochaksaraei, H. M., Saeedi, N., Mousavian, S. I. (2013). Study in the relationship betweens spiritual leadership and job satisfaction. Elixir Human Resource Management, 56, 13476-13480.
  • Matherly, L. L., Fry, L. W. (2005). strategic scorecard model of organizational excellence through spiritual leadership. http://www.tarleton.edu/~fry/ SLTOrgPerfpdf
  • McGee-Cooper, A., Trammell, D. (2002). From hero-as-Ieader to servant-asleader. In L. C. Spears, M. Lawrence (Eds.), Focus on leadership: Servantleadership for the 215tcentury(pp. 141-151). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons.
  • Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitude. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426--447.
  • Myers, R. B. (1954). The development and implications of conception of leadership for leadership education. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, Florida.
  • Perrone, K. M., Webb, L. K., Wright, S. L., Jackson, Z. V., Ksiazak, T. M. (2006). Relationship of spirituality to work and family roles and life satisfaction among gifted adults. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(6), 252--268.
  • Reddin, W. J. (1970). Effective management by objectives the 3D method of M30. USA: McGraw--Hill.
  • Robertson, J. M. (2005). Coaching leadership: Building educational leadership capacity through coaching partnerships. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Education Research.
  • Rockstuhl, T., Dulebohn, J. H., Ang, S., Shore, L. M. (2012). Leader-member exchange (LMX) and culture: meta--analysis of correlates of LMX across 23 countries. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1097.
  • *Sadeghifar, J., Bahadori, M., Baldacchino, D., Raadabadl, M., &Jafar'ı, M. (2014).
  • Relationship between career motivation and perceived spiritual leadership in health professional educators: correlational study in Iran. Global Journal of Health Science, 6(2), 145.
  • Sanders, J. E., Hopkins, W. E., Geroy, G. D. (2004). causal assessment of the leadership--commitment relationship. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, New Orleans, LA.
  • Schyns, B., Schillng, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? metaanalysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 138-158.
  • Shavitt, S., Lalwani, A. K., Zhang, J., Torelli, C. J. (2006). The horizontal/ vertical distinction in cross-cultural consumer research. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16, 325-342.
  • Shaw, P. W. H. (2006). Vulnerable authority: theological approach to leadership and teamwork. Christian Education Journal, 3(1), 19--133.
  • Sheep, M. L. (2004). Nailing down gossamer: valid measure of the person organization fit of workplace spirituality. Academy of Management Proceedings, B1-B7.
  • Singelis, T. M, Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: Atheoretical and measurement refinement. Cross--Cultural Research, 29, 240--275.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2005, June). Distributed leadership. ln The educational forum (Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 143-150). Taylor Francis Group.
  • Stogdill, R. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25, 35-71.
  • Stogdill, R. M. (1950). Leadership, membership, and organization. Psychological Bulletin, 47, 1-14.
  • Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., Steel, P. (2010). Examining the impact of culture's consequences: three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of Hofstede's cultural value dimensions. Journal oprp/ied Psychology, 95, 405-439.
  • Thompson, R. L. (2004). The automatic hand: Spiritualism, psychoanalysis, surrealism. Invisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for l/isual Culture, 7, 1--18.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and col/activism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Triandls, H. C., Gelfand, M. J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 18--128.
  • Tsui, A. S., Nifadkar, S. S., Ou, A. Y. (2007). Cross-national, cross-cultural organizational behavior research: Advances, gaps, and recommendations. Journal of Management, 33, 426-478.
  • Van de Vijver, F. J. R., Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for crosscu/tura/ research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Vroom V. H., Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and decision making. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburgh.
  • Wampold, B. E., Ahn, H., Kim, D. (2000). Meta-analysis in the social sciences: useful way to make sense of series of findings from large number of studies. Asia Pacific Education Review, 1(1), 67-74.
  • Wasti, S. A., Can, Ö. (2008). Affective and normative commitment to organization, supervisor, and coworkers: Do collectivist values matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 404-413.
  • Wheatley, M. J. (2002). Leadership in turbulent times is spiritual. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 18(4), 19-20.
  • Whyte, W. F. (1943). Street corner society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
  • *Zachary, G. W. (2013). Spiritual leadership: investigating the effects of altruistic love on organizational commitment. international Journal of Arts Sciences, 6(2), 767-789.
APA KARADAG E (2016). The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. , 233 - 260.
Chicago KARADAG ENGIN The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. (2016): 233 - 260.
MLA KARADAG ENGIN The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. , 2016, ss.233 - 260.
AMA KARADAG E The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. . 2016; 233 - 260.
Vancouver KARADAG E The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. . 2016; 233 - 260.
IEEE KARADAG E "The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle." , ss.233 - 260, 2016.
ISNAD KARADAG, ENGIN. "The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle". (2016), 233-260.
APA KARADAG E (2016). The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. İleti-ş-im, 0(25), 233 - 260.
Chicago KARADAG ENGIN The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. İleti-ş-im 0, no.25 (2016): 233 - 260.
MLA KARADAG ENGIN The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. İleti-ş-im, vol.0, no.25, 2016, ss.233 - 260.
AMA KARADAG E The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. İleti-ş-im. 2016; 0(25): 233 - 260.
Vancouver KARADAG E The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle. İleti-ş-im. 2016; 0(25): 233 - 260.
IEEE KARADAG E "The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle." İleti-ş-im, 0, ss.233 - 260, 2016.
ISNAD KARADAG, ENGIN. "The Moderation of National Culture Regarding the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Productivity: A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis / La modération de Ia culture nationale concernant l'influence du leadership spirituel sur l'engagement organisationnel et surla productivite: Une recherche de meta-analyse transculturelle". İleti-ş-im 25 (2016), 233-260.
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
23-04-2024 3:35

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları