Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update

Öz:

Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği Viral Hepatit Çalışma Grubu tarafından, ilk olarak 2014 yılında tüm dünyada önemli bir sağlık sorunu olan hepatit C virusu (HCV) infeksiyonunun yönetimine ilişkin bir uzlaşı raporu hazırlanmış ve Klimik Dergisi'nde yayımlanmıştır. Kronik hepatit Recently, we needed to update this report considering the new developments in treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This new consensus report is based on review of current literature and international guidelines. Agreed recommendations are presented at the end of each section such as epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection, diagnosis of acute hepatitis C (AHC) and CHC, treatment of AHC, goals of CHC therapy and pre-therapeutic assessment of CHC therapy, indications for treatment, contraindications to therapy, direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in the treatment of CHC and drug-drug interactions in the treatment of DAA, resistance problem in DAA treatment and clinical assesment of resistance, monitoring and managing treatment safety and side effects, post-treatment follow-up of patients who achieve a sustained virological response (SVR), follow-up of patients who didn't achieve an SVR and prevention of HCV infection. Klimik Dergisi 2017; 30(Suppl. 1): 2-36

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Mikrobiyoloji Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları

Kronik Hepatit C Virusu İnfeksiyonunun Yönetimi: Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği Viral Hepatit Çalışma Grubu Uzlaşı Raporu-2017 Güncellemesi

Öz:

Previously a consensus report about management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a major health problem all over the world had been prepared by Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. It was first published in the Klimik Journal in 2014 Recently, we needed to update this report considering the newdevelopments in treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Thisnew consensus report is based on review of current literatureand international guidelines. Agreed recommendations are presentedat the end of each section such as epidemiology andnatural history of HCV infection, diagnosis of acute hepatitis C(AHC) and CHC, treatment of AHC, goals of CHC therapy andpre-therapeutic assessment of CHC therapy, indications fortreatment, contraindications to therapy, direct-acting antivirals(DAA) in the treatment of CHC and drug-drug interactions inthe treatment of DAA, resistance problem in DAA treatmentand clinical assesment of resistance, monitoring and managingtreatment safety and side effects, post-treatment follow-up ofpatients who achieve a sustained virological response (SVR),follow-up of patients who didn’t achieve an SVR and preventionof HCV infection. Klimik Dergisi 2017; 30(Suppl. 1): 2-36.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Mikrobiyoloji Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Diğer Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology. 2013; 57(4): 1333-42.
2. Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014; 61(Suppl. 1): S45-57.
3. Wedemeyer H, Duberg AS, Buti M, et al. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden. J Viral Hepat. 2014; 21(Suppl. 1): 60-89.
4. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Screening, Care and Treatment of Persons with Hepatitis C Infection. April 2014. Geneva: WHO, 2014.
5. Ray SC, Thomas DL. Hepatitis C. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2015: 1904-27.
6. Quer J, Mur JIE. Hepatitis C virus: epidemiology and prevention. In: Thomas HC, Lok ASF, Locarnini SA, Zuckerman AJ. Viral Hepatitis. 4th ed. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2014: 246-65.
7. Prasad MR, Honegger JR. Hepatitis C virus in pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 2013; 30(2): 149-59.
8. Van de Laar TJ, Matthews GV, Prins M, Danta M. Acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an emerging sexually transmitted infection. AIDS. 2010; 24(12): 1799-812.
9. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L. 2007 Guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 2007; 35(10 Suppl. 2): S65-164.
10. Grebely J, Dore GJ. Can hepatitis C virus infection be eradicated in people who inject drugs? Antiviral Research. 2014; 104: 62-72.
11. Messina PJ, Humphreys I, Flaxman A, et al. Global distribution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology. 2013; 61: 77-87.
12. Akçam FZ, Uskun E, Avşar K, Songur Y. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus seroprevalance in rural areas of the southwestern region of Turkey. Int J Infect Dis. 2009; 13: 274-84.
13. Braggmann P, Berg T, Qurehus ALH, et al. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries. J Viral Hepat. 2014; 21(Suppl. 1): 5-33.
14. Tözün N, Özdoğan O, Çakaloğlu Y, et al. Seroprevalance of hepatitis B and C virus infections and risk factors in Turkey: a fieldwork TURHEP study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015; 21(11): 1020-6.
15. Ashkani-Esfahani S, Alavian SM, Salahi-Marzijarani M. Prevalance of hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in the Middle-East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(1): 151-6.
16. Gürbüz Y, Tülek N, Tütüncü EE, et al. Evaluation of dual therapy in real life setting in treatment naive Turkish patients with HCV infection: A multicenter, retrospective study. Balkan Med J. 2016; 33: 18-26.
17. Altuğlu İ, Sertöz R, Aksoy A, Gürsel D, Tüzüner U, Günşar F. Possible transmission risks and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in Western Turkey. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2013; 24(4): 349-55.
18. Dore GJ, Ward J, Thursz M, et al. Hepatitis C disease burden and strategies to manage the burden. J.Viral Hepat. 2014; 21(Suppl 1.): 1-4.
19. Bertoletti A, Ferrari C. Kinetics of the immune response during HBV and HCV infection. Hepatology. 2013; 38(1): 4-13.
20. Farci P, Shimoda A, Coiana A, et al. The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies. Science. 2000; 288(5464): 339-44.
21. Alberti A, Vario A, Ferrari A, Pistis R. Review article: chronic hepatitis C-natural history and cofactors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005; 22 (Suppl. 2): 74-8.
22. Celen MK, Tekin Koruk S, Aygen B, et al. The characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B in Turkey. Medicinski Glasnik. 2014; 11(1): 94-8.
23. Chen SL, Morgan TR. The natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Int J Med Sci. 2006; 3(2): 47-52.
24. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C. The spectrum of liver disease in the general population: lesson from the Dionysos study. J Hepatol. 2001; 35(4): 531-7.
25. Lieber CS. Hepatitis C and alcohol. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003; 36(2): 100-2.
26. Monto A, Alonzo J, Watson JJ, Grunfeld C, Wright TL. Steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: relative contributions of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol. Hepatology. 2002; 36(3): 729-36.
27. Bouchud P-Y, Cai T, Overbeck K, et al. Genotype 3 is associated with accelerated fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2009; 51(4): 655-66.
28. Westin J, Nordlinder H, Lagging M, Norkrans G, Wejstal R. Steatosis accelerates fibrosis development over time in hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infected patients. J Hepatol. 2002; 37(6): 837-42.
29. Westbrook RH, Dusheiko G. Natural history of hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 2014; 61(Suppl. 1): 58-68.
30. Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2009; 461(7265): 798-801.
31. Loomba R, Rivera MM, McBurney R, et al. The natural history of acute hepatitis laboratory findings and treatment outcomes clinical presentation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 33(5): 559-65.
32. Alter HJ, Seeff LB. Recovery, persistence, and sequelae in hepatitis C virus infection: a perspective on long-term outcome. Semin Liver Dis. 2000; 20(1): 17-35.
33. Thimme R, Oldach D, Chang KM, Steiger C, Ray SC, Chisari FV. Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection. J Exp Med. 2001; 194(10): 1395-406.
34. Gruner NH, Gerlach TJ, Jung MC, et al. Association of hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells with viral clearance in acute hepatitis C. J Infect Dis. 2000; 181(5): 1528-36.
35. Farci P, Alter HJ, Shimoda A, et al. Hepatitis C virus-associated fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335(9): 631-4.
36. Cacoub P, Poynard T, Ghillani P, et al. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42(10): 2204- 12.
37. Galossi A, Guarisco R, Bellis L, Puoti C. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2007; 16(1): 65-73.
38. Cacoub P, Comarmond C, Domont F, Savey L, Desbois AC, Saadoun D. Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2016; 3(1): 3-14.
39. European Association for the Study of Liver. Recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2016. J Hepatol. 2017; 66(1): 153-94.
40. European Association for the Study of Liver. Clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014; 60(2): 392-420.
41. Kamili S, Drobeniuc J, Araujo AC, Hayden TM. Laboratory diagnostics for hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55(Suppl. 1): 43-8.
42. Chevaliez S, Pawlotsky JM. Hepatitis C virus serologic and virologic tests and clinical diagnosis of HCV-related liver disease. Int J Med Sci. 2006; 3(2): 35-40.
43. Colin C, Lanoir D, Touzat S, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of third-generation hepatitis C virus antibody detection assay: an analysis of the literatue. J Viral Hepat. 2001; 8(2): 87-95.
44. Hadziyannis E, Minopetrou M, Georgiou A, Spanou F, Koskinas J. Is HCV core antigen a reliable marker of viral load? An evaluation of HCV core antigen automated immunoassay. Ann Gastroenterol. 2013; 26(2): 146-9.
45. Lorenza J. Total HCV core antigenassay. A new marker of HCV viremia and its application during treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Virol Methods. 2004; 120(2): 173-7.
46. Caruntu FA, Benea L. Acute hepatitis C virus infection: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2006; 15(3): 249-56.
47. Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology 2009; 49(4): 1335-74.
48. Ray SC, Thomas DL. Hepatitis C. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’ s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone 2010: 2157-85.
49. Ghany MG, Nelson DR, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. An update on treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2011; 54(4): 1433- 44.
50. Taneja S, Tohra S, Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Chawla YK. Noninvasive assesment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography and FIB4/APRI for prediction of treatment response in chronic hepatitis C-an experience from tertiary care hospital J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2016; 6(4): 282-90.
51. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America. HCV Guidance: Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C [İnternet]. Alexandria and Arlington, VA: AASLD and IDSA [erişim 15 Mart 2017]. http: //www.hcvguidelines.org.
52. Martinot-Peignoux M, Stern C, Maylin S, et al. Twelve weeks posttreatment follow-up is as relevant as 24 weeks to determine the sustained virologic response in patients with hepatitis C virus receiving pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Hepatology. 2010; 51(4): 1122-6.
53. Shanta S, Thyagarajan SP, Premavathy RK, et al. Correlation of autoimmune reactivity with hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection in histologically proven chronic liver diseases. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2002; 20(1): 12-5.
54. Naing C, Mark JW, Ahmed SI, Maung M. Relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus: metaanalysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2012; 18(14): 1642-51.
55. Lin CY, Sheen IS, Chen YJ, et al. Various predictors of sustained virologic response in different age groups of patients with genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013; 47(9): 794-9.
56. Holmber SD, Lu M, Rupp LB, et al. Noninvasive serum fibrosis markers for screening and staging chronic hepatitis C virus patients in a large US cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2013; 57(2): 240-6.
57. Attallah AM, El-Far M, Omran MM, Farid K, Albannan MS, ElDosoky I. Noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Clin Lab Anal. 2013; 27(2): 121- 9.
58. Sporea I, Sirli R, Deleanu A, et al. Comparison of the liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography with the liver biopsy. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14(42): 6513-7.
59. Goldberg E, Chopra S. Cirrhosis in adults: overview of complications, general management, and prognosis. [İnternet]. Waltham, MA: UpToDate, Inc. [erişim 15 Mart 2017]. https: //www.uptodate.com/contents/cirrhosis-in-adultsoverview-of-complications-general-management-andprognosis#H52738331.
60. Altunok ES, Sayan M, Akhan S, et al. Protease inhibitors drug resistance mutations in Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis C. Int J Infect Dis. 2016; 50: 1-5.
61. Ahmed A, Felmle DJ. Mechanisms of hepatitis C viral resistance to direct acting antivirals. Viruses. 2015; 7(12): 6716-29.
62. Ferenci P. Treatment of hepatitis C in difficult-to treat patients. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 12(5): 284-92.
63. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the Screening, Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Updated version. April 2016. Geneva: WHO, 2016.
64. Lam BP, Jeffers T, Younoszai Z, Fazel Y, Younossi ZM. The changing landscape of hepatitis C virus therapy: focus on interferonfree treatment. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2015; 8(5): 298-312.
65. Pawlotsky JM. Hepatitis C virus resistance todirect-acting antiviral drugs in interferon-free regimens. Gastroenterology. 2016; 151(1): 70-86.
66. Carrier P, Essig M, Debette-Gratien M, et al. Anti-hepatitis C virus drugs and kidney. World J Hepatol. 2016; 8(32): 1343-53.
67. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America/ Infectious Disease Society of America. HCV guidance panel. Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 2015; 62(3): 932-54.
68. Smolders EJ, Kanter CT, Knegt RJ, et al. Drug-drug interactions between direct-acting antivirals and psychoactive medications. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016; 55(12): 1471-94.
69. Jensen CM, Holle LM. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir: a once-daily oral treatment option for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Pharmacotherapy. 2016; 36(5): 562-74.
70. Afdhal N, Reddy KR, Nelson DR, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(16): 1483-93.
71. Terrault NA, Zeuzem S, Di Bisceglie AM, et al. Effectiveness of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir combination in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and factors associated of sustained virologic response. Gastroenterology. 2016; 151(6): 1131-40.
72. Suda G, Ogawa K, Kimura M, et al. Novel treatment of hepatitis C virus infection for patients with renal impairment. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016; 4(4): 320-7.
73. Foster GR, Afdhal N, Roberts SK, et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 2 and 3 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(27): 2608-17.
74. Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Feld J, et al. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir improves patient-reported outcomes in HCV patients: results from ASTRAL-1 placebo-controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2016; 65(1): 33-9.
75. Bonaventura A, Montecucco F. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir: A promising combination World J Hepatol. 2016; 8(19): 785-9.
76. Klibanov OM, Gale SE, Santevecchi B. Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ ritonavir and dasabuvir tablets for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Ann Pharmacother. 2015; 49(5): 566-81.
77. Feld JJ, Kowdley KV, Coakley E, et al. Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(17): 1594–603.
78. Ferenci P, Bernstein D, Lalezari J, et al. ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for HCV. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(21): 1983-992.
79. Dore GJ, Conway B, Luo Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/r and dasabuvir compared to IFN-containing regimens in genotype 1 HCV patients: The MALACHITE-I/II trials. J Hepatol. 2016; 64(1): 19-28.
80. Zeuzem S, Jacobson IM, Baykal T, et al. Retreatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(17): 1604-14.
81. Kaur K, Gandhi MA, Slish J. Drug-drug Interactions among hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infect Dis Ther. 2015; 4(2): 159-72.
82. Zeuzem S, Ghalib R, Reddy KR, et al. Grazoprevir-elbasvir combination therapy for treatment-naive cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 4, or 6 infection: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163(1): 1-13.
83. Smolders EJ, de Kanter CT, van Hoek B, Arends JE, Drenth JP, Burger DM. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of hepatitis C virus drugs in patients with liver and/or renal impairment. Drug Saf. 2016; 39(7): 589-611.
84. Roth D, Nelson DR, Bruchfeld A, et al. Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (the C-SURFER study): a combination phase 3 study. Lancet. 2015; 386(10003): 1537-45.
85. Bell AM, Wagner JL, Barber KE, Stover KR. Elbasvir/grazoprevir: a review of the latest agent in the fight against hepatitis C. Int J Hepatol. 2016; 2016: 3852126.
86. Jacobson IM, Lawitz E, Kwo PY, et al. Safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and compensated cirrhosis: an integrated analysis. Gastroenterology. (Baskıda).
87. Sulkowski MS, Gardiner DF, Rodriguez-Torres M, et al. Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for previously treated or untreated chronic HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(3): 211–21.
88. Luetkemeyer AF, McDonald C, Ramgopal M, Noviello S, Bhore R, Ackerman P. 12 weeks of daclatasvir in combination with sofosbuvir for HIV-HCV coinfection (ALLY-2 study): efficacy and safety by HIV combination antiretroviral regimens. Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 62: 1489-96.
89. Jennifer J. Kiser. Drug-drug interactions during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 10(10): 596-606.
90. Sezaki H, Suzuki F, Hosaka T, et al. The efficacy and safety of dual oral therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for genotype 1b in Japanese real-life settings. Liver Int. (Baskıda).
91. Childs-Kean LM, Hand EO. Simeprevir and sofosbuvir for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Ther. 2015; 37(2): 243-67.
92. Modi AA, Nazario H, Trotter JF, et al. Safety and efficacy of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in patients with decompensated genotype 1 hepatitis C cirrhosis. Liver Transpl. 2016; 22(3): 281-6.
93. Poordad F, Schiff ER, Vierling JM, et al. Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virüs infection with advanced cirrhosis or post-liver transplantation recurrence. Hepatology. 2016; 63(5): 1493-505.
94. Zeuzem S, Dusheiko GM, Salupere R, et al. Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in HCV genotypes 2 and 3. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(21): 1993-2001.
95. Welzel TM, Nelson DR, Morelli G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 2 infection: results of the real-world, clinical practice HCV-TARGET study. Gut. (Baskıda).
96. Omata M, Nishiguchi S, Ueno Y, et al. Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in Japanese patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection: an open-label, phase 3 trial. J Viral Hepat. 2014; 21(11): 762-8.
97. Leroy V, Angus P, Bronowicki JP, et al. Daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 3 and advanced liver disease: A randomized phase III study (ALLY-3+). Hepatology. 2016; 63(5): 1430-41.
98. Lawitz E, Lalezari JP, Hassanein T, et al. Sofosbuvir in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for non-cirrhotic, treatment-naive patients with genotypes 1, 2, and 3 hepatitis C infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13(5): 401-8.
99. Hézode C, Asselah T, Reddy KR, Tarek, et al. Ombitasvir plus paritaprevir plus ritonavir with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus infection (PEARL-I): a randomised, open-label trial. Lancet. 2015; 385(9986): 2502-9.
100. Kohli A, Kapoor R, Sims Z, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for hepatitis C genotype 4: a proof of concept phase 2a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015; 15(9): 1049-54.
101. Feld JJ, Jacobson IM, Hezode C, et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 infection. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(27): 2599-607.
102. Pol S, Reddy KR, Baykal T, et al. Interferon-free regimens of ombitasvir and ABT-450/r with or without ribavirin in patients with HCV genotype 4 infection: PEARL-I study results [Abstract]. Hepatology. 2014; 60(Suppl. 1): 1129-30A.
103. Asselah T, Hezode C, Qaqish RB, et al. High SVR rates in patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C infection and compensated cirrhosis with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir coadministered with ribavirin (AGATE-I) [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2016; 64(Suppl. 2): S827.
104. Buti M, Calleja JL, Forns X, et al. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection: a Phase 3, open-label study [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2016; 64(Suppl. 2): S220-1.
105. Asselah T, Bourliere M. Hepatitis C virus: current and evolving treatments for genotype 4. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2015; 44(4): 859-70.
106. Abergel A, Metivier S, Samuel D, et al. Ledipasvir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks in patients with hepatitis C genotype 4 infection. Hepatology. 2016; 64(4): 1049-56.
107. Kwo P, Gane E, Peng CY, et al. Efficacy and safety of grazoprevir/elbasvir plus or minus RBV for 12 weeks in patients with HCV G1 or G4 infection who previously failed peginterferon/ RBV: C-EDGE treatment-experienced trial [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(Suppl. 2): S674-5.
108. Reddy R, Lim JK, Kuo A, et al. All-oral HCV therapy is safe and effective in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: interim report from the HCV target real world experience [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(Suppl. 2): S193.
109. Cheung MC, Walker AJ, Hudson BE, et al. Outcomes after successful direct-acting antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C and decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2016; 65(4): 741-7.
110. Gambato M, Lens S, Navasa M, Forns X. Treatment options in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, pre- and posttransplantation. J Hepatol. 2014; 61(Suppl. 1): S120-31.
111. Deterding K, Höner zu Siederdissen C, Port K, et al. Improvement of liver function parameters in advanced HCV-associated liver cirrhosis by IFN-free antiviral therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 42(7): 889-901.
112. Omata M, Kanda T, Wei L, Yu ML, et al. APASL consensus statements and recommendation on treatment of hepatitis C. Hepatol Int. 2016; 10(5): 702-26.
113. Flamm SL, Everson GT, Charlton M, et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with ribavirin for the treatment of HCV in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: preliminary results of a prospective, multicenter study [Abstract]. Hepatology. 2014; 60(Suppl. 1): 320A.
114. Manns M, Samuel D, Gane EJ, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 or 4 hepatititis C virus infection and advanced liver disease: a multicentre, openlabel, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16(6): 685-97.
115. Charlton M, Everson GT, Flamm SL, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of HCV infection in patients with advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2015; 149(3): 649-59.
116. Curry MP, O’Leary JG, Bzowej N, et al. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(27): 2618-28.
117. Fontana RJ, Poordad F, Schiff ER, et al. Improvement in liver disease parameters following treatment with daclatasvir + sofosbuvir and ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV infection and advanced cirrhosis [Abstract]. Hepatology. 2015; 62(Suppl. 1): 558-9A.
118. Foster GR, McLauchlan J, Irving W, et al. Treatment of decompensated HCV cirrhosis in patients with diverse genotypes: 12 weeks sofosbuvir and NS5A inhibitors with/ without ribavirin is effective in HCV genotypes 1 and 3 [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(Suppl. 2): S190-1.
119. Samuel D, Manns M, Forns X, et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with ribavirin is safe in >600 decompensated and post liver transplantation patients with HCV infection: an integrated safety analysis of the SOLAR 1 and SOLAR 2 trials [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(Suppl. 2): S620-1.
120. Nelson DR, Cooper JN, Lalezari JP, et al. All-oral 12-week combination treatment with daclatasvir (DCV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) in patients infected with HCV genotype (GT) 3: ALLY-3 phase 3 study. Hepatology. 2015; 61(4): 1127-35.
121. Verna EC, O’Leary JG. Hepatitis C treatment in patients on the liver transplant waiting list. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2015; 20(3): 242-50.
122. Abergel A, Loustaud-Ratti V, Metivier S, et al. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir treatment results in high SVR rates in patients with chronic genotype 4 and 5 HCV infection [Abstract]. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(Suppl. 2): S219-20.
123. Kapoor R, Kohli A, Sidharthan S, et al. All-oral treatment for genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C infection with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir: interim results from the NIAID SYNERGY trial [Abstract]. Hepatology. 2014; 60(Suppl. 1): 321A.
124. Gane EJ, Hyland RH, An D, et al. High efficacy of LDV/SOF regimens for 12 weeks for patients with HCV genotype 3 or 6 infection [Abstract]. Hepatology. 2014; 60(6): 1274-5A.
125. Lawitz E, Poordad FF, Pang PS, et al. Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (LONESTAR): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2014; 383(9916): 515-23.
126. Mangia A, Arleo A, Copetti M, et al. The combination of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir for curing genotype 2 patients who cannot tolerate ribavirin. Liver Int. 2016; 36(7): 971-6.
127. Fourati S, PawlotskyJM. Virologic tools for HCV drug resistance testing. Viruses. 2015; 7(12): 6346-59.
128. Martell M, Esteban JI, Quer J, et al. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as a population of different but closely related genomes: quasispecies nature of HCV genome distribution. J Virol. 1992; 66(5): 3225-9.
129. Sarrazin C, Zeuzem S. Resistance to direct antiviral agents in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2010; 138(2): 447-62.
130. Schinazi R, Halfon P, Marcellin P, Asselah T. HCV direct-acting antiviral agents: the best interferon-free combinations. Liver Int. 2014; 34(Suppl. 1): 69-78 .
131. Vermehren J, Sarrazin C. The role of resistance in HCV treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2012; 26(4): 487-503.
132. Palanisamy N, Danielsson A, Kokkula C, et al. Implications of baseline polymorphisms for potential resistance to NS3 pro- tease inhibitors in hepatitis C virus genotypes 1a, 2b and 3a. Antiviral Res. 2013; 99(1): 12-7.
133. Kuntzen T, Timm J, Berical A, et al. Naturally occurring dominant resistance mutations to hepatitis C virus protease and polymerase inhibitors in treatment-naive patients. Hepatology. 2008; 48(6): 1769-78.
134. Poveda E, Wyles DL, Mena A, Pedreira JD, Castro-Iglesias A, Cachay E. Update on hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral agents. Antiviral Res. 2014; 108: 181-91.
135. Nakamoto S, Kanda T, Wu S, Shirasawa H, Yokosuka O. Hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors and drug resistance mutations. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20(11): 2902-12.
136. Ertem GT, Sayan M, Hekimoğlu Ş, Tülek N. Pegile interferon, ribavirin ve telaprevir tedavisi altında gelişen HCV NS3 inhibitörü çapraz direnci. Klimik Derg. 2015; 28(2): 92-4.
137. Şanlıdağ T, Sayan M, Akçalı S, Kasap E, Buran T, Arıkan A. Genotip 1 ile infekte kronik hepatit C hastalarında NS3 inhibitörleri ilaç direnci mutasyonlarının belirlenmesi. Mikrobiyol Bül. (Baskıda).
138. Fried MW, Buti M, Dore GJ, et al. Once-daily simeprevir (TMC435) with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in treatmentnaïve genotype 1 hepatitis C: the randomized PILLAR study. Hepatology. 2013; 58(6): 1918-29.
139. Izquierdo L, Helle F, François C, Castelain S, Duverlie G, Brochot E. Simeprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Pharmgenomics Pers Med.2014; 14(7): 241-9.
140. Chayama K, Hayes NC. HCV drug resistance challenges in Japan: The role of pre-existing variants and emerging resistant strains in direct acting antiviral therapy. Viruses. 2015; 7(10): 5328-42.
141. Buti M, Riveiro-Barciela M, Esteban R. Management of directacting antiviral agent failures. J Hepatol. 2015; 63(6): 1511-22.
142. Fridell RA, Wang C, Sun JH, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of variants resistant to hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor BMS-790052 in humans: in vitro and in vivo correlations. Hepatology. 2011; 54(6): 1924-35.
143. Chevaliez S, Bouvier-Alias M, Brillet R, Pawlotsky JM. Overestimation and underestimation of hepatitis C virus RNA levels in a widely used real-time polymerase chain reaction-based method. Hepatology. 2007; 46(1): 22-31.
144. Sarrazin C, Shiffman ML, Hadziyannis SJ, et al. Definition of rapid virologic response with a highly sensitive real-time PCR based HCV RNA assay in peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin response guided therapy. J Hepatol. 2010; 52(6): 832-8.
145. Vermehren J, Kau A, Gartner BC, Gobel R, Zeuzem S, Sarrazin C. Differences between two real-time PCR-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) assays (RealTime HCV and Cobas AmpliPrep/ Cobas TaqMan) and one signal amplification assay (Versant HCV RNA 3.0) for RNA detection and quantification. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(12): 3880-91.
146. Chevaliez S, Feld J, Cheng K, et al. Clinical utility of HCV core antigen detection and quantification in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving an alloral, interferon-free regimen. Antivir Ther. (Baskıda).
147. Chevaliez S, Soulier A, Poiteau L, Bouvier-Alias M, Pawlotsky JM. Clinical utility of hepatitis C virus core antigen quantification in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Virol. 2014; 61(1): 145-8.
148. Freiman JM, Tran TM, Schumacher SG, et al. Hepatitis C core antigen testing for diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 165(5): 345-55.
149. Renard S, Borentain P, Salaun E, et al. Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients treated for hepatitis C with sofosbuvir. Chest. 2016; 149(3): e69-73.
150. Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347(13): 975-82.
151. Sulkowski MS, Poordad F, Manns MP, et al. Anemia during treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin and boceprevir: analysis from the serine protease inhibitör therapy 2 (SPRINT-2) trial. Hepatology. 2013; 57(3): 974-84.
151. Van der Meer AJ, Veldt BJ, Feld JJ, et al. Association between sustained virological response and all-cause mortality among patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced hepatic fibrosis. JAMA. 2012; 308(24): 2584-93.
152. Bruno S, Di Marco V, Iavarone M, et al. Survival of patients with HCV cirrhosis and sustained virologic response is similar to the general population. J Hepatol. 2016; 64(6): 1217-23.
153. Maheshwari A, Ray S, Thuluvath PJ. Acute hepatitis C. Lancet. 2008; 372(9635): 321-32.
154. Licata A, Di Bona D, Schepis F, Shahied L, Craxi A, Camma C. When and how to treat acute hepatitis C? J Hepatology. 2003; 39(6): 1056-62.
155. Corey KE, Mendez-Navarro J, Gorospe EC, Zheng H, Chung RT. Early treatment improves outcomes in acute hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat. 2010; 17(3): 201-7.
156. Deterding K, Wiegand J, Gruner N, et al. The German Hep-Net acute hepatitis C cohort: impact of viral and host factors on the initial presentation of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Z Gastroenterol. 2009; 7(6): 531-40.
157. Santantonio T, Fasano M, Sagnelli E, et al. Acute hepatitis C: a 24-week course of pegylated interferon α-2b versus a 12-week course of pegylated interferon α-2b alone or with ribavirin. Hepatology. 2014; 59(6): 2101-9.
158. Wiegand J, Jäckel E, Cornberg M, et al. Long-term follow-up after successful interferon therapy of acute hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2004; 40(1): 98-107.
159. European Association for the Study of Liver. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2015. J Hepatol. 2015; 63(1): 199-236.
160. European AIDS Clinical Society. Guidelines.Version 8.1. October 2016 [İnternet]. Brussels: EACS [erişim 15 Mart 2017]. http: //www.eacsociety.org/files/guidelines_8.1-english.pdf.
161. The European AIDS Treatment Network (NEAT) Acute Hepatitis C Infection Consensus Panel. Acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected individuals: recommendations from the European AIDS Treatment Network (NEAT) consensus conference. AIDS. 2011; 25(4): 399-409.
162. Corey KE, Servoss JC, Casson DR, et al. Pilot study of postexposure prophylaxis for hepatitis C virus in healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009; 30(10): 1000-5. 163. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2011; 55(2): 245–64.
164. Aygen B. Yoğun bakım biriminde çalışanlarda kan ve vücut sıvıları ile bulaşan infeksiyonlardan korunma. In: Akalın H, Aygen B, Yalçın AN, eds. İnfeksiyon Hastalıklarında Güncel Durum. İstanbul: Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği Yayınları, 2009: 141-51.
165. Deuffic-Burban S, Abiteboul D, Lot F, Branger M, Bouvet E, Yazdanpanah Y. Costs and cost-effectiveness of different followup schedules for detection of occupational hepatitis C virus infection. Gut. 2009; 58(1): 105-10.
166. Lavanchy D, Steinmann J, Moritz A, Frei PC. Evaluation of a new automated third- generation anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Lab Anal. 1996; 10(5): 269-76.
167. Lefrere JJ, Roudot-Thoraval F, Lunel F, et al. Expertise of French laboratories in detection, genotyping, and quantification of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42(5): 2027-30.
168. Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001; 50(RR-11): 1-52.
169. Puro V, De Carli G, Cicalini S, et al. European recommendations for the management of healthcare workers occupationally exposed to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Euro Surveill. 2005; 10(10): 260-4.
170. Deuffic-Burban S, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Abiteboul D, Bouvet E, Yazdanpanah Y. Blood-borne viruses in health care workers: prevention and management. J Clin Virol. 2011; 52(1): 4-10.
171. Ramsay ME. Guidance on the investigation and management of occupational exposure to hepatitis C. PHLS Advisory Committee on Blood Borne Viruses. Commun Dis Public Health. 1999; 2(4): 258-62.
172. Charles PG, Angus PW, Sasadeusz JJ, Grayson ML. Management of healthcare workers after occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus. Med J Aust. 2003; 179(3): 153-7.
173. Information for Healthcare Personnel Potentially Exposed to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) February 2017 [İnternet]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [erişim 15 Mart 2017]. https://www.cdc. gov/hepatitis/pdfs/testing-followup-exposed-hc-personnel-3d.pdf.

APA	AYGEN B, Demirturk N, Turker N, ASAN A, Eraksoy H, Gürbüz Y, İNAN D, KETEN D, KOÇULU S, ÖNCÜ S, ÖZKAYA D, Saltoglu N, SAYAN M, süer k, ŞENER A, TEKİN S, TUNA N, YAZICI S (2017). Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. , 2 - 36.
Chicago	AYGEN Bilgehan,Demirturk Nese,Turker Nesrin,ASAN Ali,Eraksoy Haluk,Gürbüz Yunus,İNAN DİLARA,KETEN Derya,KOÇULU Safiye,ÖNCÜ Serkan,ÖZKAYA Deniz,Saltoglu Nese,SAYAN Murat,süer kaya,ŞENER Alper,TEKİN Süda,TUNA Nazan,YAZICI SAADET Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. (2017): 2 - 36.
MLA	AYGEN Bilgehan,Demirturk Nese,Turker Nesrin,ASAN Ali,Eraksoy Haluk,Gürbüz Yunus,İNAN DİLARA,KETEN Derya,KOÇULU Safiye,ÖNCÜ Serkan,ÖZKAYA Deniz,Saltoglu Nese,SAYAN Murat,süer kaya,ŞENER Alper,TEKİN Süda,TUNA Nazan,YAZICI SAADET Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. , 2017, ss.2 - 36.
AMA	AYGEN B,Demirturk N,Turker N,ASAN A,Eraksoy H,Gürbüz Y,İNAN D,KETEN D,KOÇULU S,ÖNCÜ S,ÖZKAYA D,Saltoglu N,SAYAN M,süer k,ŞENER A,TEKİN S,TUNA N,YAZICI S Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. . 2017; 2 - 36.
Vancouver	AYGEN B,Demirturk N,Turker N,ASAN A,Eraksoy H,Gürbüz Y,İNAN D,KETEN D,KOÇULU S,ÖNCÜ S,ÖZKAYA D,Saltoglu N,SAYAN M,süer k,ŞENER A,TEKİN S,TUNA N,YAZICI S Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. . 2017; 2 - 36.
IEEE	AYGEN B,Demirturk N,Turker N,ASAN A,Eraksoy H,Gürbüz Y,İNAN D,KETEN D,KOÇULU S,ÖNCÜ S,ÖZKAYA D,Saltoglu N,SAYAN M,süer k,ŞENER A,TEKİN S,TUNA N,YAZICI S "Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update." , ss.2 - 36, 2017.
ISNAD	AYGEN, Bilgehan vd. "Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update". (2017), 2-36.

APA	AYGEN B, Demirturk N, Turker N, ASAN A, Eraksoy H, Gürbüz Y, İNAN D, KETEN D, KOÇULU S, ÖNCÜ S, ÖZKAYA D, Saltoglu N, SAYAN M, süer k, ŞENER A, TEKİN S, TUNA N, YAZICI S (2017). Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. Klimik Dergisi, 30(1), 2 - 36.
Chicago	AYGEN Bilgehan,Demirturk Nese,Turker Nesrin,ASAN Ali,Eraksoy Haluk,Gürbüz Yunus,İNAN DİLARA,KETEN Derya,KOÇULU Safiye,ÖNCÜ Serkan,ÖZKAYA Deniz,Saltoglu Nese,SAYAN Murat,süer kaya,ŞENER Alper,TEKİN Süda,TUNA Nazan,YAZICI SAADET Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. Klimik Dergisi 30, no.1 (2017): 2 - 36.
MLA	AYGEN Bilgehan,Demirturk Nese,Turker Nesrin,ASAN Ali,Eraksoy Haluk,Gürbüz Yunus,İNAN DİLARA,KETEN Derya,KOÇULU Safiye,ÖNCÜ Serkan,ÖZKAYA Deniz,Saltoglu Nese,SAYAN Murat,süer kaya,ŞENER Alper,TEKİN Süda,TUNA Nazan,YAZICI SAADET Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. Klimik Dergisi, vol.30, no.1, 2017, ss.2 - 36.
AMA	AYGEN B,Demirturk N,Turker N,ASAN A,Eraksoy H,Gürbüz Y,İNAN D,KETEN D,KOÇULU S,ÖNCÜ S,ÖZKAYA D,Saltoglu N,SAYAN M,süer k,ŞENER A,TEKİN S,TUNA N,YAZICI S Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. Klimik Dergisi. 2017; 30(1): 2 - 36.
Vancouver	AYGEN B,Demirturk N,Turker N,ASAN A,Eraksoy H,Gürbüz Y,İNAN D,KETEN D,KOÇULU S,ÖNCÜ S,ÖZKAYA D,Saltoglu N,SAYAN M,süer k,ŞENER A,TEKİN S,TUNA N,YAZICI S Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update. Klimik Dergisi. 2017; 30(1): 2 - 36.
IEEE	AYGEN B,Demirturk N,Turker N,ASAN A,Eraksoy H,Gürbüz Y,İNAN D,KETEN D,KOÇULU S,ÖNCÜ S,ÖZKAYA D,Saltoglu N,SAYAN M,süer k,ŞENER A,TEKİN S,TUNA N,YAZICI S "Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update." Klimik Dergisi, 30, ss.2 - 36, 2017.
ISNAD	AYGEN, Bilgehan vd. "Management of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Consensus Report of the Study Group for Viral Hepatitis of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases-2017 Update". Klimik Dergisi 30/1 (2017), 2-36.