The Qarmatism is a political movement that appeared on the historical stage in the middle of the III./IX. century. After Hamdan Qarmat, the chief Ismailite missionary of Iraq, and his followers rejected the fundamental reforms in the Ismailite teaching of imamate made by Ubeyd Allah al-Mahdi, the then leader of Ismailite mission, in 286/899, the Ismailite mission in Iraq turned into an independent movement under the name of Qarmatis, thus Ismailis split into two main branches as Fatimids and Qarmatis. The views of Manichaeism, Mandaeanism and Daysanism, which had merged into Islamic thought before, played a significant role in the shape of the earliest Ismailite views which Qarmati-Ismailism based on, and they had a dualistic character, since they held that the divine secret knowledge was necessary for salvation. Afterwards, the Qarmatis of Khurasan and Transoxania reinterpreted these earliest Ismailite teachings in line with Neo-Platonist point of viewAfter the Fatimid-Qarmati schism, the Qarmati groups remained without aleader, so, all Qarmati missionary kept on propagating, in their regions, theoriginal teaching that Muhammad b. Ismail was the Mahdi and would reappearin an imminent future. Since the imminent advent of Mahdi was delayed, whichhad been claimed by them, and the expectations of their followers on this pointweakened, the Qarmati movements in Bahrain and Iraq lost their politicalpower. This led to a serious withdrawal and decline in the Qarmatis of Khurasanand Transoxania. However, by attaching a special importance to the teaching,the missionaries in these regions succeeded in surviving the mission there.