Yıl: 2017 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 8 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 10 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ

Öz:
Türkiye siyasi kültürünün temel bölünmelerinden birisi sağ-sol ayrımıdır. Ancak bu ayrım, çok partili hayatın ilk yıllarında ortaya çıkmış bir ayrım değildir. Özellikle 1960 sonrasında kendisini açıkça sosyalist bir parti olarak tanımlayan Türkiye İşçi Partisi'nin kurulması ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi içinde Ortanın Solu hareketinin başlamasıyla siyasi kültürde sağ-sol ayrımının netleşmeye başladığı dikkat çekmektedir. Necmettin Erbakan'ın 1969 yılında bağımsız aday olmasıyla başlayan Milli Görüş Hareketi, sağ-sol ayrımı açısından da değerlendirmeyi hak etmektedir. Çünkü Milli Görüş Hareketinde Milli Nizam Partisi'nin kuruluşundan itibaren sağ ve sol siyaseti temsil ettikleri iddiasındaki iki büyük partinin de tezlerini eleştiren ve yeni, alternatif bir siyaset anlayışı öne çıkmaktadır. Bir dönem, 1973 yılında Milli Selamet Partisi, kendisini "sağ" siyaset anlayışının asıl ve tek temsilcisi olduğu iddiasına sahip olarak "sağ" kavramını sahiplenme çabasında olmuştur. Buradaki vurgu da "sağ" tanımlaması üzerinden kendisini, diğer sağ ve sol diye tanımlanan partilerden ayırmak fikri üzerine kurulmuştur. Dönemin siyasi retoriği icabı daha sonra sağ-sol siyaset ayrımına çok net bir şekilde girilmediği ve "millilik" kavramı etrafında Milli Görüş'ün kendisinin müstakil bir fikir ve siyaset olduğu tezine daha güçlü vurgu yapılmıştır. Bu bildiride Türkiye siyasi tarihindeki bölünmeler ve özellikle sağ-sol ayrımı açısından Milli Görüş Hareketi değerlendirilecektir
Anahtar Kelime:

RIGHT-LEFT DIVISION IN TURKISH POLITICAL CULTURE AND NATIONAL OPINION MOVEMENT

Öz:
One of the basic divisions of Turkish political culture is right-left division. But this division didn’t arise during the first years of multi-party era. Especially right-left division began to clear in political culture in 1960s, with establishing of Turkish Workers Party which was defined itself as socialist and beginning of the left of the middle movement in Republican People Party. National Opinion Movement which started with Necmettin Erbakan’s independent candidate for deputy in 1969, deserves an evaluation about that division as well. Because since establishment of National Order Party which was the first political party of that movement, it has been defined itself as new and alternative with criticism of major right and left political parties. One period in 1973, National Salvation Party owned “right” concept based on the claim that defining itself the just representative of right politics. The emphasis here was established on the idea of division from other right and left parties. Then, because of the main rhetoric of the era, they didn’t include right-left political division clearly but around the concept of “nationality it emphasized that National Opinion was an independent idea and policy thesis. In this notification, National Opinion Movement will be evaluated by divisions in political history and especially in terms of right-left Former Turkish prime minister Necmettin Erbakan and his politicalmovement (National Opinion Movement), both have been aroused interestfor many times. Erbakan became one of the main and effective figure inTurkish politics from 1960s to his death in 2011. He and his politicalmovement were accepted as a conformist-Islamist politician and fourpolitical parties in his leadership was shut down during the Turkishpolitical history. In 1971 National Order Party, in 1980 National PeaceParty, in 1998 Welfare Party, in 2001 Virtue Party was shut down by theConstituonal Court of Turkish Republic. Main reason of closure caseswas anti laicist position of the parties. Since 2001 Happines Party hasbeen countinuing to political activities as the sole representative of theNational Opinion Movement in Turkish Politics.Political parties and politicians define themselves leftist or rightist.Also it is possible to see some studies on Turkish politics which acceptthis division. However this division in Turkey, has some differences fromusage of the terms in Europe. Multiparty system has begun in Turkeysince 1946 with founding of Democrat Party in opposition RepublicanPeople Party. During 1950s neither most of political parties nor nongovermentalorganizations did not identify themselves refer to thisdivision. After founding of rebublic in 1923, Integration of RepublicanPeople Party began to inegrate with bureaucracy and that fact caused onethe main divisions in Turkish politics. Democrat Party’s winning the 1950election could be interpreted as reaction of mass against to bureaucratic single party power. So it could be claimed that Republican People Partywas still at the center of political division.After a decade of power Democrat Party ended by military coup in1960. Military coup, intervention to democratic process, could beaccepted as an opposite reaction of bureaucracy to folk and has animportant position in Turkish political history and culture. Also 1960sdiversified years of Turkish politics. In Republican People Party “left ofthe middle” movement had begun which was a social democrat politicalinterpretation of young politicians. Workers Party of Turkey was foundedand defined itself as a socialist party. Because of that division successorparties of Democrat Party became rihgtists. The term of “left” meanednear by communism in Turkish politics. So political parties againstRepublican People Party and communism adopted themselves to be“rights” easily. It is possible to say that political division based on rightand left is an artificial division in Turkish political history and culture.One of the main characters of Turkish politics is reactionary style ofpolitical culture.Necmettin Erbakan became a famous figure in 1960s. Firstly hewas recognized during the discussions about native, Turkish automobileproduction in public. As a young engineer and academician he defendednative production insistently. After 1965 he took many important tasksin the Union of Chambers And Commodity Exchanges and became thepresident of union in 1969. Anatolian shareholders supported him in thisprocess against the İstanbul. But he was taken from duty and decided togo into politcs. He was obstructed by Justice Party governance andbecame an independent candidate for deputy in Konya in 1969. He waselected by getting a serious vote. In 1970 he founded National Order Partyand differantitated his political movements from other political parties.Also Erbakan claimed that only parties which belong to National OpinionMovement had differences from others and unique political parties in hiswhole life. He accused all other parties as Western imitators. In 1973elections National Peace Party declared itself as a right view politicalparty. But this declaration claimed that only National Peace Party wasrightist; Justice Party and other parties not. They were defined as“colorless” and Republican People Party was defined as supporter ofcommunism.Since 1997 to today National Opinion Movement parties did not useright or left conceptualization for themselves. One of the maindifferrences of this movement is that it has based on a thesis. So NationalOpinion Movement could not be accepted just a reactionary politicalmovement. Most of supporters of the movement came from DemocratParty tradition. But this movement based on a tradational conformistinterpretation of Islamism. So secular character of the government had adistance to Necmettin Erbakan and his political parties. After 1990srising of
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Akın, Mahmut Hakkı (2016), “Türkiye Siyasi Tarihinde ve Sosyolojisinde Necmettin Erbakan ve Milli Görüş Hareketinin Konumu” Doğumunun Doksanıncı Yılında Necmettin Erbakan ve Milli Görüş Düşüncesi Sempozyumu (28-30 Ekim 2016), Konya.
  • Bobbıo, Norberto (1996), Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction, Translater: Allan Cameron, The University of Chicago Press
  • Bozbeyli, Ferruh (1976), Demokratik Sağ, İstanbul: Dergah Yayınları.
  • Bölükbaşı, Mustafa (2012), “Milli Görüş’ten Muhafazakâr Demokrasiye: Türkiye’de 28 Şubat Süreci Sonrası İslami Elitlerin Dönüşümü” İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, Cilt.1, Sayı: 2, s.166-187.
  • Carlısle, Rodney P. (2005), Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and The Right, Sage Publications
  • Çakır, Ruşen (2014), “Milli Görüş Hareketi” Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: İslamcılık, (Der. Yasin Aktay), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, s.544-603.
  • Çalmuk, Fehmi (2014), “Necmettin Erbakan” Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: İslamcılık, (Der. Yasin Aktay), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları s.550-567.
  • Çınar, Ömer (2016), Türk Siyasi Hayatında Milli Nizam Partisi, İstanbul: Kitap Dostu Yayınları.
  • Demirel, Tanel (2009), “1946-1980 Döneminde Sol ve Sağ” Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce: Dönemler ve Zihniyetler, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, s.413,450.
  • Ecevit, Bülent (2009), Ortanın Solu, İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Erbakan, Necmettin (2016), Davam, 7. Baskı, Ankara: MGV Yayınları.
  • Eser, H, Bahadır (2013), “Türk Siyasal Kültürü İçinde Dinin Rolü Üzerine Bir Açıklama Çabası: Milli Görüş Hareketi ve Milli Nizam Partisi” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt.18, Sayı: 3, Isparta, s.201-224.
  • Kahraman, Hasan Bülent (2010), Türk Siyasetinin Yapısal Analizi, İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı.
  • Küçükömer, İdris (2007), “Batılılaşma” Düzenin Yabancılaşması, 5. Baskı, İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.
  • Sarıbay, Ali Yaşar (1985), Türkiye’de Modernleşme, Din ve Parti Politikası: Milli Selamet Partisi Olayı, İstanbul: Alan Yayınları.
APA COŞKUN F, AKIN M (2017). TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. , 1 - 10.
Chicago COŞKUN FATMA BETÜL,AKIN MAHMUT HAKKI TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. (2017): 1 - 10.
MLA COŞKUN FATMA BETÜL,AKIN MAHMUT HAKKI TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. , 2017, ss.1 - 10.
AMA COŞKUN F,AKIN M TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. . 2017; 1 - 10.
Vancouver COŞKUN F,AKIN M TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. . 2017; 1 - 10.
IEEE COŞKUN F,AKIN M "TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ." , ss.1 - 10, 2017.
ISNAD COŞKUN, FATMA BETÜL - AKIN, MAHMUT HAKKI. "TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ". (2017), 1-10.
APA COŞKUN F, AKIN M (2017). TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 12(8), 1 - 10.
Chicago COŞKUN FATMA BETÜL,AKIN MAHMUT HAKKI TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. Turkish Studies (Elektronik) 12, no.8 (2017): 1 - 10.
MLA COŞKUN FATMA BETÜL,AKIN MAHMUT HAKKI TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. Turkish Studies (Elektronik), vol.12, no.8, 2017, ss.1 - 10.
AMA COŞKUN F,AKIN M TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. Turkish Studies (Elektronik). 2017; 12(8): 1 - 10.
Vancouver COŞKUN F,AKIN M TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ. Turkish Studies (Elektronik). 2017; 12(8): 1 - 10.
IEEE COŞKUN F,AKIN M "TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ." Turkish Studies (Elektronik), 12, ss.1 - 10, 2017.
ISNAD COŞKUN, FATMA BETÜL - AKIN, MAHMUT HAKKI. "TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE SAĞ-SOL AYRIMI VE MİLLİ GÖRÜŞ HAREKETİ". Turkish Studies (Elektronik) 12/8 (2017), 1-10.