Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments

DAŞ, Yavuz Kürşat; Aksoy, Abdurrahman; Mushtaq, Saima

doi:10.5336/medsci.2018-59993

Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments

Saima MUSHTAQ, (Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Veterinerlik Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Samsun, Türkiye)

Yavuz Kürşat DAŞ, (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Samsun Türkiye)

Abdurrahman AKSOY (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Samsun, Türkiye)

Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi

20 5

Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 161 - 170 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993 İndeks Tarihi: 09-01-2019

Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments

Öz:

In research based sciences ''Alternatives to Animals'' can be stated as testing methods which can replace partial or absolute use of animals; and this field not merely rely on the replacement of tests but the development and implementation of those testing methods to avoid the use of live animals also comes under this section. There are two major alternatives to in-vivo animal testing: The first ones are in vitro cell culture techniques, the seconds ones are in silico computer simulations. Microdosing is one of the other alternative options to study the basic behaviour of drugs by using lower than expected doses to produce whole body effects in volunteer human beings. Microfluidic chips are getting key interest in alternatives; because of the provision of more complex information as compare to other in vitro tests. Imaging studies like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are playing unmatchable role while studying some organ systems of the body. Non-Animal Method Database resources are gaining much more popularity since the concept of alternative to animals is culminating all around the world. Because of the advancement in molecular and cellular biology experiments; a lot of information is being generated and stored for in vitro and in silico experiments for better scientific understandings of experimental drugs on body systems. Three Rs (3Rs) Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of Russell and Burch are like guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing. In this review, main alternative methods to animal studies are summarized.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Genel ve Dahili Tıp

Hayvan Deneyleri İçin Alternatif Yöntemler

Öz:

Hayvanlar üzerinde yapılan bilimsel araştırmalarda, araştırmanın bir parçası ya da tamamının yerine geçebilecek test yöntemleri gittikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Bu alanda yalnızca hayvan deneyleri yerine geçebilecek yöntemler değil, ayrıca hayvanların bu araştırmalarda kullanımından kaçınmak için yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması da yer almaktadır. In vivo hayvan deneyleri için başlıca iki alternatif vardır. Bunlardan ilki in vitro hücre kültürü teknikleri, ikincisi in silico bilgisayar simülasyonlarıdır. Mikro doz tekniği ilaçların temel özelliklerini gönüllü bireylerde vücuttaki meydana getirmiş olduğu etkileri düşük dozda ortaya koyan alternatif bir diğer yöntemdir. Mikro-akışkan çip tekniği diğer yöntemlere kıyasla daha detaylı veriler sunması nedeni ile giderek önem kazanan alternatif bir yöntemdir. Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MR), fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans (fMR), pozitron emisyon tomografi (PET), tek foton emisyon bilgisayarlı tomografi (SPECT) gibi görüntüleme yöntemleri vücutta bazı sistemlerin incelenmesinde eşsiz rol oynarlar. Hayvansal olmayan yöntem veri tabanları dünya çapında hayvan deneylerine alternatif olma açısından giderek popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Moleküler ve hücresel biyoloji deneylerindeki gelişmeler sayesinde, in vitro ve in silico deneyler ile vücut sistemlerinde ilaç denemelerinin bilimsel olarak daha iyi anlaşılması için daha fazla bilgi elde edilip, saklanmaktadır. Russel ve Burch tarafından sunulan 3R kuralı yerine koyma (replacement), azaltma (reduction) ve hayvan refahı (refinement) ilkeleri bilimsel amaçlı deneylerde hayvanların daha etik kullanımına ilişkin rehber niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede hayvan deneylerine alternatif başlıca metotlar sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Genel ve Dahili Tıp

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Mushtaq S, DAŞ Y, Aksoy A (2018). Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. , 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
Chicago	Mushtaq Saima,DAŞ Yavuz Kürşat,Aksoy Abdurrahman Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. (2018): 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
MLA	Mushtaq Saima,DAŞ Yavuz Kürşat,Aksoy Abdurrahman Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. , 2018, ss.161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
AMA	Mushtaq S,DAŞ Y,Aksoy A Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. . 2018; 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
Vancouver	Mushtaq S,DAŞ Y,Aksoy A Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. . 2018; 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
IEEE	Mushtaq S,DAŞ Y,Aksoy A "Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments." , ss.161 - 170, 2018. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
ISNAD	Mushtaq, Saima vd. "Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments". (2018), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2018-59993

APA	Mushtaq S, DAŞ Y, Aksoy A (2018). Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 38(2), 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
Chicago	Mushtaq Saima,DAŞ Yavuz Kürşat,Aksoy Abdurrahman Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 38, no.2 (2018): 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
MLA	Mushtaq Saima,DAŞ Yavuz Kürşat,Aksoy Abdurrahman Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.38, no.2, 2018, ss.161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
AMA	Mushtaq S,DAŞ Y,Aksoy A Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018; 38(2): 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
Vancouver	Mushtaq S,DAŞ Y,Aksoy A Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018; 38(2): 161 - 170. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
IEEE	Mushtaq S,DAŞ Y,Aksoy A "Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments." Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 38, ss.161 - 170, 2018. 10.5336/medsci.2018-59993
ISNAD	Mushtaq, Saima vd. "Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments". Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 38/2 (2018), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2018-59993