The practice of macro social work, named as community work, generally focuses on the organization and advocacy of societies and communities on the axis of goals such as equality, justice and development for a progressive change. Social action theorists like Freire and Alinsky have important contributions to the embodiment of the practice. However, most of these theories are based on class and conflict analysis. The practice of social work is blended and discussed with many new theories and discourses and there is a search for new methods of practice, due to rapidly growing neo-liberal policies, globalization dynamics, international migrations, refugee problem, and new social movements such as environment, women, children and LGBTI rights in the 21th century. The aim of this article is to discuss not only the social development programmes carried out by international organisations, but also the historical development process of increasingly growing importance of macro social work practice and theory, and finally, the roles of social workers working with the communities.