In the present study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 28 enterprises in 10 provinces to fill in questionnaires in an attempt to determine cost and profitability of queen bee production. The results of the questionnaire revealed that managers of enterprises engaged in queen bee production had a better educational attainment than the managers of enterprises engaged only in beekeeping. 60.7% of the breeder queen bees used in queen bee enterprises are Caucasian, 21.4% Carniolan, 14.3% Anatolian and 3.6% Yigilca. It was found that 75% of the enterprises produced queen bees three times a year and 14% four times a year and that the first period of queen bee sales started in the second week of April. While 36% of the queen bee enterprises make their own cake, 68% use beet sugar and cakes made of beet sugar, and 39% of the feeding cost is between 10,000-20,000 TRY. Gross income per queen bee is 18.81 TRY and net income per queen bee is 12.79 TRY. Queen bee production cost is 17.21 TRY. It is not profitable to produce merely queen bees at these enterprises. They boost their profits by producing bees and honey in addition to queen bees. The ratio of gross profit to total income is 56%. In other words, the share that queen bee producers receive from the total income is 1/3. The income generated from a production of bees and honey is equivalent to the income generated from queen bee production. Government subsidies should be granted to queen bee producers to ensure that enterprises engaged in queen bee production produce queen bees of sufficient quality and that honey producers use these queen bees. The enterprises engaged in queen bee production with colonies of less than 200 bees have a low production capacity. To ensure that their business is profitable, they need to have a production capacity of 10,000-20,000 queen bees.