Şanlıurfa has become a center of attraction in the South Eastern Anatolia Region with Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) since the middle of the 1980s, and with the emergence of irrigated agriculture in the 1990s. Şanlıurfa has received a large number of immigrants due to its rapid population growth and available opportunities. The city center has been undergoing a rapid urbanization process since 1980s with the influence of migrations it has received. The urbanization rate, which was 50% in 1985, increased to 92% in 2015. A number of problems related to urbanization and environment will eventually arise as a result of an urbanization process, which takes place so quickly. However, Şanlıurfa experiences environmental problems that are different from those of other cities due to its location and distinctive characteristics. Because it is located in the triangle of Syria, Iraq and Iran, Şanlıurfa is exposed to polluted air flow due to the dusty wind originating in the desert regions. The bake houses, which are very common in the city, and industrial area located in the city center pollute the air very seriously. As a result of the irrigated agriculture practiced within the scope of GAP, the fields are unconsciously filled with water, fertilizers and medicines, and the agricultural lands have been more and more polluted and turning into a desert. An excessive number of vehicles and bus terminals located in the city center cause serious noise and air pollution problems. Şanlıurfa has many historical and cultural values, but most of them are either destroyed because of neglect and lack of care or are damaged in such a way that they cannot be properly repaired. Therefore, this study aims to discuss these environmental problems and propose solutions.