In this study, which aims to address the distribution of villages according to dominant economic activities of Ergani District, changes in the economic functions of the villages due to the elevation and morphology are discussed. Ergani district has a transition feature between the East and Southeast Anatolia regions. Therefore, the diversity of physical geography conditions has shaped the human and economic geography as well. While different lifestyles arise in the villages established in different geomorphological units, similar economic characteristics are observed in the villages established in the same morphological unit. Ergani has the characteristics of Southeastern Taurus region, Diyarbakır Basin and Karacadağ region in terms of regional geography. In Ergani, which carries the prevailing economic characteristics of three different regions, fruit production and hair goat breeding are carried out in rural settlements located in the southeastern Taurus region. Dryland farming, irrigated agriculture and sheep farming in the Diyarbakır basin in the central regions, and sheep farming and dryland farming in the Karacadağ plateau in the south, and paddy farming in the settlements on the plateau are the main economic activities of the villages. Depending on the elevation, the structure, shape, texture, size, and dominant economic activity of the village settlements also vary. Topography, closeness to water resources, economic activities, and social security have great importance in the settlement in Ergani to be collective, scattered and sparsely textured. Generally, while the villages established in sloping areas are scattered textures, settlements located on the plain and plateau show a collective settlement character. The proximity to water resources has led to frequent and collective settlements in places like Ergani where semi-arid climate is observed. Also, while social disorders including blood feuds and terrorism cause scattered and fragmented settlements, they bring them closer to each other for security reasons.