In some circumstances, legal order may have given the competence to conduct litigation to a third party. Competence to conduct litigation is divided into two and termed as “subject case competence” and “distanced case competence”, based upon if the competence belongs to the subject of substantial law or not. In “subject case competence”, the owner of the competence is identified according to the parties of the substantial law relation. Whereas in “distanced case competence”, which is also known as “representative action”, the competence to conduct litigation belongs to non-party persons of the substantial law relation. Representative action is divided into two which are termed as “legal representative action” and “voluntary representative action”. In legal representative action, competence to conduct litigation is provided to the relation which is irrelevant to the substantial law relation by the law. Despite that, in voluntary representative action, the competence to conduct litigation is not provided by the law, but instead it is provided by the subject of the substantial law relation. In Turkish law, both the matters of; identification of the party of the case when competence to conduct litigation is used by third parties, and lawfulness of the voluntary representative action, are controversial. In this study, at first a brief information about legal representative action will be given, and then voluntary representative action will be emphasized.