From the beginning of the history of humanity, the changing process woman has undergone with the effect of patriarchal societies attributed many negative, even pejorative, traits to her throughout the ages, while her unique constant and most sacred attribute has been motherhood. A respectable and privileged position has almost always been bestowed upon her for the holiness and purity of motherhood. The influences that the phenomenon of motherhood created in human life and psyche were anatomized by psychoanalysis founded by Sigmund Freud at the end of the 19th century and by analytical psychology founded by Carl Gustav Jung at the beginning of the 20th century; they put forward the theories and findings in this area, different from each other. Freud’s approach to motherhood with his theories of Oedipus complex and castration complex produced worldwide sensational effects at that time. Jacques Lacan, a post-Freudian psychoanalyst, shapes this approach in a bit more acceptable frame with his theory of humanizing castration. On the other hand, Erich Fromm, another 20th century psychoanalyst, tries to confute the theory of Oedipus complex with his own theory about jealousy of fertility in man. Jung’s approach, as different from all, is related to the potential power of mother dominant in psyche; he analyses how deeply mother archetype and mother complex influence and change human psychology and life from the beginning to the end. The most important finding in our study is that almost all these theories have a common point: a healthy or unhealthy relation with mother sets ground for the crucial periods, the strong or weak aspects in personality and, more importantly, the experiences leaving inerasable marks on psyche.