Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated

Rob WESTAWAY (16 Neville Square, Durham DH1 3PY, UK)
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
18 0
Yıl: 2003 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 5 - 46 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated

Öz:
Akdeniz ve Orta Doğu bölgelerinin günümüzdeki göreli levha hareketleri için, jeoloji ve GPS verilerine dayalı olarak gözden geçirilmiş, kendi içinde tutarlı, sayısal bir kinematik model ortaya konmuştur. Güney Ölü Deniz Fay Zonu kesimindeki Afrika ve Arap levhalarının kırılgan üst kabuğunun göreli hareketleri 31,1°N 26.7°E Euler kutubunda, 0.278° $My^{-1}$ lık bir göreli dönmeyle temsil edilmektedir. Ölü Deniz Fay Zonu'nda (ÖDFZ) ortaya çıkan tahmini hareket hızı 4.0 mm/yıl dır. Kuzey ÖDFZ'nun kinematiği aşağı yukarı aynı Euler kutubuna sahiptir fakat 0.243°$ My^{-1}$ lık bir göreli dönme gösterir. Bu farkın sebebi göreli hareketin küçük bir bileşeninin Palmyra kıvrım kuşağı'nda oluşturduğu kısalmadır. Suriye ve güney Türkiye'deki kuzey ÖDFZ, transpresyonal sıçrama serisi olarak kabul edilir. Burada sol yanal atımın hızı, bu atım komşu levhalar arasındaki göreli harekete verev konumlu olduğu için göreli levha hareketi hızından oldukça düşüktür. Bu geometri, kısmen kuzey ÖDFZ'nun bazı kollarının levha hareketine uygun yönelimde olmadığı halde eski fay segmentlerini tekrar harekete geçirmesi ve kısmen de Levant kıyı şeridinin kuzeybatıda Kıbrıs'a doğru devamı olması gereken ÖDFZ'nun ideal ilksel geometrisinin bu hat boyunca varolan yüksek dirençli kabuk tarafından engellemesi neticesinde meydana gelmiştir. Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (DAFZ) için belirlenen atım hızı ~8 mm/yıl dır. Bu hız ile gözlenen toplam atım birarada değerlendirildiğinde, ÖDFZ'nun yaşının ~4 My olması gerekmektedir. ÖDFZ oluşmadan önceki Malatya-Ovacık Fay Zonu üzerindeki atımı kapsayan bir önceki deformasyon fazı -7-4 My olarak yaşlandırılmıştır, bu da Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu'nun (KAFZ) oluşum zamanının daha önce düşünüldüğü gibi ~5 My değil ~7 My olduğunu gösterir. Batı KAFZ'daki yerel kanıtlar da ~7 My veya Erken Messiniyen yaşını desteklemektedir. KAFZ'nun günümüzdeki ayrıntılı kinematiği Türk ve Avrasya levhaları arasındaki 30.7°N 32.6°E merkezli 1.2° $My^{-1}$ lik göreli dönmeyi de içerecek şekilde GPS kullanarak 2000'de belirlenmiş olan Euler vektörü ile belirlenmiştir. Bu Euler vektörü, levhalar arasında 25 mm/yıllık bir göreli hareketi öngörür; aynı zamanda KAFZ'nın çevresinde de saçılmış bir sağ yanal basit makaslama bileşenin varlığını gösterir. Türkiye ve Afrika levhaları arasındaki göreli sol yanal hareket için tahmin edilen hız ~8 mm/yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Ancak, bu sınırın karadaki kısmının yerel sol yanal atım hızı Yakapınar-Göksun Fayı üzerinde sadece 2 mm/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır; aradaki fark, saatin tersi yönünde bir dönme ve saçılmış basit sol yanal makaslamanın birlikte etkilediği Afrika levhasının kuzeye devamının da içinde bulunduğu yayılmış deformasyon tarafından alınmıştır. Bu sınırın ilk önce KAFZ ile aynı zamanda geliştiği, fakat Karataş-Osmaniye Fay'ındaki sol yanal atımı da içeren orjinal geometrisinin bu fay zonu içindeki göreli olarak dirençli ofiyolit kabuğunun gelişimiyle kilitlendiği öne sürülmektedir. Bu modelin kinematik tutarlılığı, aralarında zayıf bir alt kabuk katmanı bulunduğu kabulü ile uyumlu olarak, kırılgan üst kabuk ile manto litosferinin aşamalı hareket etmesini gerektirir. Böylece KAFZ'nun Messiniyen'deki gelişimi bir dizi kuvvetin birleşmesiyle açıklanabilir; (a) Erken Miyosen'de Afrika ve Arap levhaları arasındaki önceden varolan göreli hareketler nedeniyle manto litosferinin göreli batıya hareketinin bir sonucu olarak makaslama gerilmelerinin Türkiye'deki üst kırılgan kabuğa uygulanması, (b) Akdeniz havzasının Messiniyen'deki kuruması esnasında suyun boşalması sonucu normal gerilmedeki azalma ve sağ yanal makaslama gerilmesindeki artış. Yapılan analizler, diğer alanlardaki son hesaplamalarla uyumlu biçimde bu mekanizmanın çalışması için Türkiye'nin alt kabuğunun etkin viskozitesinin ~5±3xl0^19 Pa s olması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu yüzden Türkiye levhasının içsel deformasyonun iyi belgelenmiş verilerinin olmaması yüksek dayanımlılıktan kaynaklanmamaktadır, iç deformasyona ihtiyaç duymadan kaymalarını sağlayan sınır geometrilerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu sınır modelindeki ana eksiklik Güney Türkiye'de Türkiye-Afrika levha sınırındaki yüksek dayanımlı "yarna"dan doğmaktadır. Bu alandaki sismisite KAFZ üzerindeki büyük depremlerle korole edilebilir görünmektedir. Bu sınırın olası bir "geometrik kilit" gibi davranmasından dolayı orta büyüklükteki depremlerdeki atımının KAFZ üzerinde daha büyük depremlerde daha fazla miktarda atıma izin vermesi mümkündür. Bu bölgenin önümüzdeki dönemlerde detaylı izlenmesiyle KAFZ üzerinde gelecekte meydana gelebilecek yıkıcı depremler için gelişmiş bir uyarı sisteminin temelini oluşturabilir.
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Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA WESTAWAY R (2003). Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. , 5 - 46.
Chicago WESTAWAY Rob Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. (2003): 5 - 46.
MLA WESTAWAY Rob Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. , 2003, ss.5 - 46.
AMA WESTAWAY R Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. . 2003; 5 - 46.
Vancouver WESTAWAY R Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. . 2003; 5 - 46.
IEEE WESTAWAY R "Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated." , ss.5 - 46, 2003.
ISNAD WESTAWAY, Rob. "Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated". (2003), 5-46.
APA WESTAWAY R (2003). Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 12(1), 5 - 46.
Chicago WESTAWAY Rob Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12, no.1 (2003): 5 - 46.
MLA WESTAWAY Rob Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.12, no.1, 2003, ss.5 - 46.
AMA WESTAWAY R Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2003; 12(1): 5 - 46.
Vancouver WESTAWAY R Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2003; 12(1): 5 - 46.
IEEE WESTAWAY R "Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 12, ss.5 - 46, 2003.
ISNAD WESTAWAY, Rob. "Kinematics of the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean updated". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12/1 (2003), 5-46.
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