Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation

Zehra BOZKURT, (Düzce Üniversitesi)
Özlem Özden ÜZMEZ, (Anadolu Üniversitesi)
Tuncay DÖĞEROĞLU, (Anadolu Üniversitesi)
Gülzade ARTUN, (Anadolu Üniversitesi)
Eftade O GAGA (Anadolu Üniversitesi)
Atmospheric Pollution Research
2 0
Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 6 Sayfa Aralığı: 1146 - 1156 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001 İndeks Tarihi: 27-12-2019

Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation

Öz:
In this research, seasonal and spatial distributions of inorganic and organic pollutants (sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ),nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ) and also volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), were determined bypassive sampling technique. Fifty sampling sites were selected considering possible sources in the study area.The sampling area were classified as urban (n = 23), industrial (n = 17) and rural (n = 10) regions. Samplingcampaigns were carried out for two-week periods in fall, winter, spring and summer seasons in all regions.Benzene and toluene concentrations were found to be the highest in winter at the traffic-dense sites and lowestconcentrations were measured at rural sampling sites in summer. Concentrations of NO 2 were higher at samplingsites with high traffic density in winter. A much uniform distribution was observed for SO 2 in all seasons.However higher levels were observed in winter compared to other seasons due to use of coal for domesticheating. Low O 3 concentrations were measured in winter while higher concentrations were measured insummer. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), four factors (gasoline vehicle emissions, diesel vehicleemissions, industrial emissions and fossil fuel combustion) were identified that could explain about 78% of thesystem variance of the measured pollutants in the city. Health risk assessment revealed that the safe level of1 × 10 −6 (United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) acceptable risk value) was exceeded forbenzene in all sampling sites in whole region, but non-carcinogenic risk values were at safe level.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
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APA BOZKURT Z, ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö, DÖĞEROĞLU T, ARTUN G, GAGA E (2018). Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. , 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
Chicago BOZKURT Zehra,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ ÖZLEM,DÖĞEROĞLU TUNCAY,ARTUN Gülzade,GAGA Eftade O Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. (2018): 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
MLA BOZKURT Zehra,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ ÖZLEM,DÖĞEROĞLU TUNCAY,ARTUN Gülzade,GAGA Eftade O Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. , 2018, ss.1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
AMA BOZKURT Z,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö,DÖĞEROĞLU T,ARTUN G,GAGA E Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. . 2018; 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
Vancouver BOZKURT Z,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö,DÖĞEROĞLU T,ARTUN G,GAGA E Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. . 2018; 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
IEEE BOZKURT Z,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö,DÖĞEROĞLU T,ARTUN G,GAGA E "Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation." , ss.1146 - 1156, 2018. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
ISNAD BOZKURT, Zehra vd. "Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation". (2018), 1146-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
APA BOZKURT Z, ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö, DÖĞEROĞLU T, ARTUN G, GAGA E (2018). Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 9(6), 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
Chicago BOZKURT Zehra,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ ÖZLEM,DÖĞEROĞLU TUNCAY,ARTUN Gülzade,GAGA Eftade O Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. Atmospheric Pollution Research 9, no.6 (2018): 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
MLA BOZKURT Zehra,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ ÖZLEM,DÖĞEROĞLU TUNCAY,ARTUN Gülzade,GAGA Eftade O Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. Atmospheric Pollution Research, vol.9, no.6, 2018, ss.1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
AMA BOZKURT Z,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö,DÖĞEROĞLU T,ARTUN G,GAGA E Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2018; 9(6): 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
Vancouver BOZKURT Z,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö,DÖĞEROĞLU T,ARTUN G,GAGA E Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2018; 9(6): 1146 - 1156. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
IEEE BOZKURT Z,ÖZDEN ÜZMEZ Ö,DÖĞEROĞLU T,ARTUN G,GAGA E "Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation." Atmospheric Pollution Research, 9, ss.1146 - 1156, 2018. 10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
ISNAD BOZKURT, Zehra vd. "Atmospheric concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , ozone and VOCs in Düzce, Turkey using passive air samplers: Sources, spatial and seasonal variations and health risk estimation". Atmospheric Pollution Research 9/6 (2018), 1146-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.05.001
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